Chemically copolymerized poly(2-chloroaniline-co-2-ethylaniline) as an anodic material in Li-ion batteries
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Chemically copolymerized poly(2‑chloroaniline‑co‑2‑ethylaniline) as an anodic material in Li‑ion batteries S. Padmaja1 · Jhancy Mary Samuel1 Received: 17 March 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly(2-chloroaniline-co-2-ethylaniline)(poly(OCA-co-OEA)) was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative method using ammonium per sulfate as an initiator and HCl as dopant. The copolymer was characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible, NMR spectroscopic techniques and XRD. FESEM and EDAX were taken to study the surface morphology and elemental composition. Thermal stability of the copolymer was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The conduction was examined in terms of the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity of 8.083 × 10–6 S cm−1 measured shows semi conducting nature of the emeraldine salt form of the copolymer. FESEM images show spongy and porous surface. The oxidation/reduction potentials and electrochemical reaction of Li/copolymer cells were tested by cyclic voltammetric technique. The discharge capacity of 63.4 mAh/g and charge capacity 62.8 mAh/g at 7–8 cycles show good reversibility. The practical specific charge capacity was 58.2% of the theoretical specific charge capacity which is 107.76 mAh/g. Hence it can efficiently be used as an anodic electrode material in lithium ion secondary batteries. Keywords Copolymer · Chemical oxidative · Conduction · Cyclic voltammetry
Introduction Conducting polymers, their blends and composites have attracted researchers due to their industrial applications in energy-conversion devices, rechargeable batteries, electro chromic displays, electrochemical sensors, capacitors, and active corrosion protectors [1]. Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has been one of the most widely studied polymers because of its chemical stability, * S. Padmaja [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore‑6, Tamil Nadu, India
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Polymer Bulletin
good conductivity upon doping with oxidizing acids and rich electrochemistry [2]. Though it has many advantages, PANI resides in its poor solubility. In order to overcome the limitations associated with PANI, increased effort has been directed toward enhancing its solubility in organic solvents, by the introduction of substituent groups such as alkyl- and amino-substituents onto the aromatic rings of the PANI chains [3, 4] and by copolymerization of two monomers. The oxidative polymerization of mono- and disubstituted anilines with electron-withdrawing groups has also been reported [5]. In this paper, we report the copolymerization of 2-chloroaniline and 2-ethylaniline by in situ chemical oxidative method to give the novel copolymer, poly (2-chloroaniline-co-2-ethyl aniline). The conductivity and solubility of substituted polyanilines can be achieved by copolymerization. Improved conductivity can be achieved by introducing alkyl substituents into the polymer backbone. The pres
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