Chemically copolymerized poly(2-chloroaniline-co-2-ethylaniline)-composite-Zn as an anodic material in Li-ion batteries
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Chemically copolymerized poly(2‑chloroaniline‑co‑2‑ethylaniline)‑composite‑Zn as an anodic material in Li‑ion batteries S. Padmaja1 · Jhancy Mary Samuel1 Received: 21 May 2020 / Revised: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly(2-chloroaniline-co-2-ethylaniline)-composite-Zn was synthesized by in situ chemical oxidative method using ammonium per sulphate as oxidant, HCl as dopant and linear alkyl benzene sulphonic acid (LABSA) as surfactant. The resulting copolymer composite was characterized by FTIR, and UV–Visible spectroscopic methods. The thermal stability was established using thermogravimetric analysis. The conduction mechanism was examined in terms of the dielectric constant and the electrical conductivity of 1.46 × 10–7 Scm−1 measured showed semiconducting nature. The oxidation/reduction potentials and electrochemical reaction of Li/ copolymer cells were tested by cyclic voltammetric technique. Poly(2-chloroanilineco-2-ethylaniline)-composite-Zn has been tested as anode in Li-ion batteries. The discharge and charge capacity of ~ 47 and ~ 14mAh/g at 1 to 5 cycles show good reversibility. This is a feasible value for using it as the positive electrode material in lithium ion secondary batteries. Keywords Copolymer · Chemical oxidative · Conduction · Cyclic voltammetry
Introduction In recent years, development of inorganic–organic hybrid materials on nanometer scale has been receiving significant attention due to wide range of potential applications. Polyaniline is the most smart conducting polymer because of the presence of the reactive-NH groups in the polymer chain [1–3], and finds applications in batteries [4], sensors [5] and electronic devices [6]. In early 1990s, * Jhancy Mary Samuel [email protected] S. Padmaja [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632006, India
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polymerization of caprolactam in the presence of montmorillonite clay by Toyota researchers improved several properties. This report encouraged the research in the field of polymer nanocomposites as reported by Zhang et al. [7]. PANI is known as a mixed oxidation-state polymer composed of reduced benzenoid units and oxidized quinonoid units and is well known to be a semiconductor. Green and Woodhead [8] discovered PANI and reported that it had characteristics of switching between a conductor and an insulator under certain conditions, which gave interesting pathway for researchers. Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) generates most attention because of highest specific capacitance due to multi-redox reactions and good electronic properties due to protonation. Polyaniline is the most important industrial conducting polymer due to the fact that it can be processed from solutions into thin film and the conducting, mechanical, electric and optical properties can be controlled by doping and deprotonation. These unique properties of PANI increased its ap
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