Child Hostility toward a Parent with a History of Depression and Family Functioning
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Child Hostility toward a Parent with a History of Depression and Family Functioning Danielle R. Rice1 Alexandra D. W. Sullivan1 Rex L. Forehand1 Kelly H. Watson2 Alexandra H. Bettis2 Meredith Gruhn2 Bruce E. Compas2 ●
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Published online: 17 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Family dysfunction has been associated with both child externalizing problems, including hostility, and parent depression or depressive symptoms. Research investigating child hostility directed toward a parent with a history of depression is absent, yet it may be associated with especially high levels of family dysfunction. The current study aimed to assess (1) the relation between observed child hostility, measured by the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scale, toward such a parent and childreported family dysfunction, using the Family Assessment Device, and (2) whether current parent depressive symptoms, measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, moderated this association. We hypothesized that child hostility would negatively relate to family functioning, even after controlling for parent depressive symptoms, and that parent depressive symptoms would moderate this association in that high levels of such symptoms would strengthen the negative relation between child hostility and family functioning. To address these hypotheses, hierarchical regression and moderation analyses were conducted in SPSS. Results indicated that higher levels of child hostility related to a more dysfunctional family environment. Furthermore, although speculative as the interaction of child hostility toward a parent and parent depressive symptoms only approached conventional levels of significance, low levels of both constructs may protect against family dysfunction. Findings from this study may inform new methods of family intervention and prevention, as well as ways of identifying families most at risk for dysfunction. Keywords Child hostility Parent depression Family functioning Late childhood Behavioral observations ●
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Highlights The current study used unique observational data of child hostility. ● Child hostility related to family dysfunction above parent depressive symptoms. ● Child hostility and parent depressive symptoms related to more family dysfunction. ● Child Hostility toward a Parent with a History of Depression and Family Functioning. ●
Child externalizing behaviors, particularly hostility, play an important role in family functioning. Hostile behavior, defined as verbal or physical aggression that is intended to harm another person, peaks during early- to mid-childhood
* Rex L. Forehand [email protected] 1
Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Dewey Hall, 2 Colchester Ave, Burlington, VT 05405-0134, USA
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Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, PMB 407817, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37240-7817, USA
(Krahé et al. 2015), often manifesting in physical behaviors (e.g., pushing, hitti
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