Chitosan supported molybdate nanoclusters as an efficient catalyst for oxidation of alkenes and alcohols
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Chitosan supported molybdate nanoclusters as an efficient catalyst for oxidation of alkenes and alcohols Jacky H. Advani . Balasaheb D. Bankar . Hari C. Bajaj . Ankush V. Biradar
Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The excellent Lewis acidity and variable oxidation states of molybdate anions for the oxidation reactions was utilized by supporting it on eco-friendly and amply available fishery waste chitosan backbone using a simple ‘‘mix and make’’ methodology. The comprehensive structural analysis was done by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, elemental mapping, TEM and XPS. FESEM and elemental analysis revealed the monodispersion of molybdate nanoclusters on the surface of the chitosan. The increase in the molybdate loading increased the size of the clusters without affecting
their uniformity over the polymer. This multi-nuclear material showed high catalytic activity towards the liquid phase oxidation of alkenes and alcohols owing to the surface sorption of the molybdate nanoclusters. The oxidation of cycloalkenes gave full conversion with [ 90% selectivity towards the corresponding epoxides, while the oxidation of aryl alkenes and alcohols gave good to best results in terms of catalytic activity and selectivity. The catalyst exhibited prominent reusability.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03368-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. H. Advani B. D. Bankar H. C. Bajaj A. V. Biradar (&) Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIRCSMCRI), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India e-mail: [email protected] J. H. Advani B. D. Bankar H. C. Bajaj A. V. Biradar Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Heterogeneous catalyst Molybdate Chitosan Oxidation Alkenes Alcohols Abbreviations CT Chitosan MoCT Molybdate loaded chitosan AHM Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate HRTEM High-resolution transmission electron microscopy FESEM Field-emission scanning electron microscopy FTIR Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy DDA Degree of deacetylation UV–Vis UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy XRD X-ray powder diffraction XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Introduction The functionalization of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols is one of the vital research areas in academia and industry. Oxidation products from alkenes and alcohols lead to the formation of synthons such as epoxides and aldehydes in the chemical industry (Sheldon and Bekkum 2001; Zhan and Thompson 2004; Mizuno 2009; Fey et al. 2001). However, achieving a selective
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oxidation product is the primary challenge in oxidation reactions. To this end, many efforts have been made using homogeneous complexes of Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co and Ru (Timofeev et al. 2014; Amini et al. 2014; da Si
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