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REPORT

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Chlamydia Species: What They Do and How They Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Chlamydia psittaci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 Chlamydia pneumoniae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 Chlamydia trachomatis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Lymphogranuloma venereum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 Urogenital Serovars D–K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Clinical Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 Animal Model Pathogenesis Data for C. trachomatis Genital Tract Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 The Lung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Innate Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482 Adaptive Immunity: T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 The Genital Tract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Innate Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Adaptive Immunity: B Cells and Ig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 Adaptive Immunity: T Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 IFN-g Dependent Cellular Immunity (iNOS) . . . . . . . . . . 487 IFN-g Independent Cellular Immunity (Plac8) . . . . . . . . . 488 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Abstract Chlamydiae are unique among pathogenic bacteria in that they are completely dependent on their host species for survival. They are unable to multiply in any other environmental niche, and do not carry the minimum genetic code necessary to be self-sufficient. This absolute dependence on a specific host species is strongly reflected

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