Chloroplasts in C3 grasses move in response to blue-light
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Chloroplasts in C3 grasses move in response to blue‑light Weronika Krzeszowiec1 · Maria Novokreshchenova1 · Halina Gabryś1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Key message Brachypodium distachyon is a good model for studying chloropla st movements in the crop plants, wheat, rye and barley. The movements are activated only by blue light, similar to Arabidopsis. Abstract Chloroplast translocations are ubiquitous in photosynthetic organisms. On the one hand, they serve to optimize energy capture under limiting light, on the other hand, they minimize potential photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus in excess light. In higher plants chloroplast movements are mediated by phototropins (phots), blue light receptors that also control other light acclimation responses. So far, Arabidopsis thaliana has been the main model for studying the mechanism of blue light signaling to chloroplast translocations in terrestrial plants. Here, we propose Brachypodium distachyon as a model in research into chloroplast movements in C3 cereals. Brachypodium chloroplasts respond to light in a similar way to those in Arabidopsis. The amino acid sequence of Brachypodium PHOT1 is 79.3% identical, and that of PHOT2 is 73.6% identical to the sequence of the corresponding phototropin in Arabidopsis. Both phototropin1 and 2 are expressed in Brachypodium, as shown using quantitative real-time PCR. Intriguingly, the light-expression pattern of BradiPHOT1 and BradiPHOT2 is the opposite of that for Arabidopsis phototropins, suggesting potential unique light signaling in C3 grasses. To investigate if Brachypodium is a good model for studying grass chloroplast movements we analyzed these movements in the leaves of three C3 crop grasses, namely wheat, rye and barley. Similarly to Brachypodium, chloroplasts only respond to blue light in all these species. Keywords Blue light · Cereals · Brachypodium distachyon · Phototropins expression
Introduction It is a truism to say that the increasing demand for global food production is one of the challenges for plant molecular biology these days. Various models that span from cellular Communicated by Günther Hahne. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02567-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Weronika Krzeszowiec [email protected] Maria Novokreshchenova [email protected] Halina Gabryś [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30‑387 Kraków, Poland
metabolism to redesigning a whole canopy have been discussed to improve crop productivity (Ort et al. 2015). One interesting aspect that has been ignored in this discussion is light-directed chloroplast positioning, ubiquitous in mesophyll cells. Chloroplast movements protect photosynthetic apparatus in high light (Kasahara et al. 2002; Sztatelman et al. 2010)
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