Phenotypic plasticity of leaf anatomical traits helps to explain gas-exchange response to water shortage in grasses of d
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Phenotypic plasticity of leaf anatomical traits helps to explain gas-exchange response to water shortage in grasses of different photosynthetic types Melina Karla Arantes . Ma´rio Pereira da Silva Filho . Joa˜o Paulo Pennacchi . Ane Marcela das Chagas Mendonc¸a . Joa˜o Paulo Rodrigues Alves Delfino Barbosa
Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 Ó Brazilian Society of Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract C3 and C4 plants, as their intermediates, respond differently to short-term changes in environmental conditions. This difference is linked to contrasting levels of phenotypic plasticity and photosynthetic apparatus specialization. Phenotypic plasticity is an underexplored topic although its understanding is crucial to predict plant behaviour in future climatic scenarios. In this research, the phenotypic plasticity of anatomical traits and its influence to carbon uptake efficiency was studied in plants with different photosynthetic types, under contrasting water regimes. Oryza sativa cvs. Soberana (droughtsensitive) and Dourada˜o (drought-tolerant) (C3), Homolepis isocalycia (C3 proto-Kranz) and Andropogon gayanus (C4), grown at three water treatments (100, 75 and 50% of substrate water holding capacity), were phenotyped for leaf anatomy and gas-exchange
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-020-00190-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. K. Arantes M. P. da Silva Filho J. P. Pennacchi J. P. R. A. D. Barbosa (&) Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] A. M. das Chagas Mendonc¸a Graduate Program in Development and Environment (PRODEMA), Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristova˜o, SE, Brazil
parameters. The results showed that plasticity trends indicated different strategies between O. sativa cultivars to deal with water shortage, explaining their classification as drought-sensitive or tolerant. We also mapped typical characteristics of C3–C4 intermediate plant, H. isocalycia, mainly in the ratio mesophyll:bundle sheath cells and hypothesize how it may influence photosynthesis. Finally, we have confirmed previous claims that C4 carbon uptake advantages may be limited under severe drought conditions, as A. gayanus have drastically reduced its photosynthetic rates at lower water levels. By studying C3–C4 intermediates, this study may also be a starting point to unravel the trade-offs of anatomical changes during the evolutionary process from C3 to C4 photosynthesis, and also improve the understanding of their impact in carbon uptake in different water conditions. Keywords C3–C4 intermediates Homolepis isocalycia Photosynthetic efficiency Drought Rice
1 Introduction Phenotypic plasticity is defined as the variation on the phenotype of a single genotype caused by environmental conditions (Bradshaw 1965) and is essential to plant adaptation to changing environments (Fenollosa and Munne´-Bosch
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