Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Exocarpium Citri Grandis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with
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Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Exocarpium Citri Grandis by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode-Array Detector Xiaoxue Yu & Qundi Liu & Zhisheng Xie & Shingchung Lam & Xinjun Xu
Received: 29 July 2014 / Accepted: 15 December 2014 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract A newly validated HPLC fingerprint method has been developed for the identification and quality assessment of Exocarpium Citri Grandis. Twenty-three batches of Exocarpium Citri Grandis collected or purchased from different localities in China were investigated. The analyses were conducted on a Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5-μm particle) preceded by a Diamonsil C18 guard column (10 mm×4.6 mm, 5-μm particle). Mobile phases were composed of 0.5 % acetic acid (A) and methanol (B), with a flow rate of 1 mL/min under a gradient elution. The wavelength was set at 254 nm. The common fingerprint profile was established with professional analytical software. Common peaks were further identified using LC-DAD-MS/MS. Chemometric methods including similarity calculation and hierarchical clustering analysis were performed to differentiate the 23 batches of Exocarpium Citri Grandis samples. Fifteen batches of samples had a high similarity (more than 0.9) and the overall 23 batches of samples were divided into two clusters. This method presented good precision, repeatability, and stability; therefore, it would be a reliable and useful approach for the quality control of Exocarpium Citri Grandis.
Keywords Exocarpium Citri Grandis . High-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprints . Quality assessment . Similarity . Hierarchical clustering analysis X. Yu : Q. Liu : Z. Xie : S. Lam : X. Xu (*) School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132, East Waihuan Rd., Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Xu Guangdong Technology Research Center for Advanced Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
Introduction Exocarpium Citri Grandis (ECG, Huajuhong in Chinese), a well-known Chinese herb recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is the immature or nearly mature dried exocarp of Citrus grandis “Tomentosa” or Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck, which is chiefly originated in Guangdong and Guangxi province of China (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission 2010). The herb was named after its genuine producing areas, Huazhou city in Guangdong province (Mo et al. 2007). It possesses a long therapeutic history of 1500 years for the treatment of itching throat, hiccups, and so on. In recent years, ECG has been used extensively as health foods. The main effective components in ECG are flavonoids, polysaccharides, coumarins, volatile oils, etc. (Huang and Ma 2007). Among these components, naringin, meranzin hydrate, citral, and limonene were proved to have strong pharmacological activities when function synergistically in delivering therapeutic effects (Huang et al. 2005). Up to now, there have been lots of reports on the determination of naringin in ECG (Chinese Pharmacopoeia C
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