Circulating Non-coding RNA as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Recent studies suggested that colorectal cancer influences the types and quantity of nucleic acids - especially microRNAs – detected in the bloodstream. Concentration of circulating (cell-free) microRNAs, and possibly of other non-coding RNAs, could there
- PDF / 472,226 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 504.57 x 720 pts Page_size
- 63 Downloads / 187 Views
Circulating Non-coding RNA as Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Manuela Ferracin, Laura Lupini, Alessandra Mangolini, and Massimo Negrini
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that colorectal cancer influences the types and quantity of nucleic acids - especially microRNAs – detected in the bloodstream. Concentration of circulating (cell-free) microRNAs, and possibly of other non-coding RNAs, could therefore serve as valuable colorectal cancer biomarker and could deliver insight into the disease process. This chapter addresses the recent discoveries on circulating microRNA and long non-coding RNA as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Keywords
MicroRNA • Serum • Plasma • Diagnostics • Colorectal cancer • Biomarkers
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in both men and women. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the developed countries [1]. Early colorectal cancer diagnosis could increase the chances of early intervention and improve overall survival rate. Colonoscopy, faecal occult blood testing (FOBT)
and faecal immunochemical test (FIT) are the most commonly used screening tests worldwide, each one characterized by specific advantages and limits [2]. Colonoscopy displays the higher costs and it is an invasive procedure that has poor compliance among those eligible for colorectal cancer screening. On the other hand, FOBT and FIT have low sensitivity in pre-neoplastic lesions detection and a high rate of false positives detection. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new
M. Ferracin (*) Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine – DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
L. Lupini • A. Mangolini • M. Negrini Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
9.1
Introduction
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 O. Slaby, G.A. Calin (eds.), Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 937, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_9
171
M. Ferracin et al.
172
Fig. 9.1 Circulating non-coding RNAs as colorectal cancer biomarkers. Circulating miRNAs and other noncoding RNA are released by cancer cells in the circulation by either active secretory mechanisms (exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies) or passive secretion (cell
necrosis). Non-coding RNA circulating in body fluids (serum, plasma) can be recovered using several existing isolation methods and quantified. Changes in their levels provide useful clinical information about cancer presence, cancer response to therapy and prognosis
non-invasive blood-detectable colorectal cancer biomarkers (liquid biopsy), that could be easily incorporated into routine diagnostic workup, to improve the detection rate or correlate with tumor recurrence and response to therapy (Fig. 9.1). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released into blood circulation by potentially all the cells of the organism, as
Data Loading...
