MicroRNAs as promising biomarkers in cancer diagnostics
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MicroRNAs as promising biomarkers in cancer diagnostics Prasun J Mishra
Abstract Cumulating data suggest that small noncoding-RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) can be utilized as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease and Type-II diabetes, etc. MiRNAs can be utilized not only for monitoring of treatments but also for patient stratifications. The Tenth Annual miRNA as Biomarkers and Diagnostics conference, 2014, organized in Boston, MA, was primarily focused on recent advancements in the field of miRNA in the early detection of disease, monitoring tumor growth/progression and its potential for precision medicine. This article summarizes findings presented in the miRNA biomarker as cancer diagnostics session. The overarching projections from this and other sessions were that miRNAs are now well established as regulators of tumorigenesis and can be utilized not only as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of a disease but also are useful in patient stratifications and treatment response. Keywords: microRNA, Biomarker, Diagnostics, SNPs, miRSNP, Polymorphism, Circulating microRNAs, Exosomic, Tumor microenvironment, Colorectal cancer, Osteosarcoma, Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, miRNA variant, Metastasis
Findings The data presented at the microRNA (miRNA) biomarker as cancer diagnostics session clearly suggested that miRNA profiling has been useful in identifying predictive miRNA signatures associated with tumor growth/progression of various cancer types such as pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma as well as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Changes of specific miRNAs can be detected in tissues utilizing a slide-based staining assay and from circulating tumor cells from the blood sample as well as in the urine, presenting a noninvasive way to detect miRNAs. Furthermore, detection of exosomic miRNAs in the tumor microenvironment may provide better tools for development of new personalized treatments for cancer patients. Moreover, detection of miRNA‐polymorphisms and miRNA variants may help further improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in patients and has profound implications in the fields of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine. Correspondence: [email protected] US Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Small noncoding-RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as prominent disease associated biomarkers and can be utilized not only for patient stratifications but also for monitoring of treatments (i.e. for diagnosis and prognosis). To discuss this, The Tenth Annual microRNA as Biomarkers and Diagnostics conference (March 17–18, 2014), organized in Boston, MA, USA brought over 100 representatives from academia, government, clinical laboratories and industry and comprised of 20 presentations (101). The conference broadl
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