Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar
This book, based on Transport and Urban Development COST Action TU1208, presents the most advanced applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in a civil engineering context, with documentation of instrumentation, methods, and results. It explains clea
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Andrea Benedetto Lara Pajewski Editors
Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar
Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13593
Andrea Benedetto · Lara Pajewski Editors
Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar
13
Editors Andrea Benedetto Department of Engineering University Roma Tre Rome Italy
Lara Pajewski Department of Engineering University Roma Tre Rome Italy
ISSN 2363-7633 ISSN 2363-7641 (electronic) Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering ISBN 978-3-319-04812-3 ISBN 978-3-319-04813-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933624 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Introduction
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a safe, advanced, and non-invasive sensing technique that has several traditional and novel applications, sometimes standardised by national or international regulations. It can be effectively used for subsurface investigation, three-dimensional imaging of composite structures, and diagnostics affecting the whole life-cycle of civil engineering works. The major GPR strengths, on which its success in the civil engineering field is based, are related to the non-destructiveness and non-intrusiveness of the surveys, notably lower costs compared to traditional methods, high-speed data acquisition, reliability and representativeness of measurements. The time needed for a survey is typically one order of magnitude shorter than with possible alternative technology; this results in obvious business benefits of reduced costs, together with limited or eliminated charges associated to restricting access of other activities to
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