Clarification of the necessary meteorological conditions to control Ralstonia solanacearum via soil solarization
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Clarification of the necessary meteorological conditions to control Ralstonia solanacearum via soil solarization Yanyan Dai1 · Pengfei Zhang1 · Kengo Ito2 · Keigo Noda2 · Masateru Senge3 Received: 16 July 2019 / Revised: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 © The International Society of Paddy and Water Environment Engineering 2020
Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between meteorological conditions and the disinfection effect of soil solarization in five greenhouses (located in Kaizu City, Gifu, Japan). The specific analysis focused on soil temperature, the population density of Ralstonia solanacearum before and after soil disinfection, the air temperature inside and outside the greenhouse, the amount of solar radiation, and rainfall. The density of R. solanacearum decreased markedly after soil solarization with the average daily soil temperature exceeded 40 °C for 10 consecutive days or more. In the scope of this study, the meteorological conditions required to meet this condition included: a disinfection period of 24 days or more, an average daily air temperature above 28.0 °C, as well as average daily solar radiation exceeding 17.0 MJ m−2. Moreover, with the average daily soil temperature of the soil surface layers exceeded 40 °C for 10 consecutive days or more, the average daily air temperature and average daily solar radiation should be higher than 29.3 °C and 20.2 MJ m−2, respectively. If the mentioned meteorological conditions were met, a fairly good disinfection effect could be achieved. However, if the greenhouse was poorly insulated, or if the solar radiation and air temperature decreased significantly in rainy and cloudy days, the soil was not likely to reach 40 °C or more for 10 consecutive days. Keywords Meteorological conditions · Standard temperature · Ralstonia solanacearum · Disinfection effect · Soil solarization
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is considered to be the second-most important vegetable crop after potato (Solanum tuberosum) worldwide, with an estimated yearly production of approximately 159 million tons from more than 4.8 million hectares of cropland (Faostat 2012). Tomato refers to a highly economically important crop in Japan, and the progresses in greenhouse cultivation over the past few years have made soil-borne diseases becoming one of the major constraints in the production of various economically important crops. Ralstonia solanacearum, one of the most devastating bacterial * Yanyan Dai [email protected] 1
School of Geography Science, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 Daxue Avenue Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
2
Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1‑1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‑1193, Japan
3
Union Ltd., Gifu University, 1‑1 Yanagido, Gifu 501‑1193, Japan
diseases (Genin and Denny 2012), accounts for severe tomato yield reductions in Japan. Soil fumigants (e.g., methyl bromide (MB)) have been the most frequently used approaches to control soil-borne diseases over the last few de
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