Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) Highlights from
CAWSES (Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System) is the most important scientific program of SCOSTEP (Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics). CAWSES has triggered a scientific priority program within the German Research Foundation for a pe
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Springer Atmospheric Sciences
For further volumes: www.springer.com/series/10176
Franz-Josef Lübken Editor
Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES) Highlights from a Priority Program
Editor Franz-Josef Lübken Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics Rostock University Kühlungsborn, Germany
ISSN 2194-5217 ISSN 2194-5225 (electronic) Springer Atmospheric Sciences ISBN 978-94-007-4347-2 ISBN 978-94-007-4348-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-4348-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945619 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The Sun, combined with the Earth’s orbit, has always governed the activities of humanity on timescales from the changing seasons to glacial cycles. Changes in climate can be driven by alterations of the total solar irradiance (TSI) but recent evidence from satellites shows only modest changes in TSI which has only a minimal impact on the current changes that are being observed in the climate system. However the solar insolation at ultra-violet and extreme ultra-violet wavelengths changes from ∼7 % to more than 100 % over a solar cycle and hence can result in major changes in the middle and upper atmospheres.
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