Climate Change and Health: Local Solutions to Local Challenges
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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABILITY (W AL-DELAIMY, SECTION EDITOR)
Climate Change and Health: Local Solutions to Local Challenges Paul J. Schramm 1 & Munerah Ahmed 2 & Hannah Siegel 2 & Jamie Donatuto 3 & Larry Campbell 3 & Kristin Raab 4 & Erik Svendsen 1 Accepted: 6 October 2020 # This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Climate change has direct impacts on human health, but those impacts vary widely by location. Local health impacts depend on a large number of factors including specific regional climate impacts, demographics and human vulnerabilities, and existing local adaptation capacity. There is a need to incorporate local data and concerns into climate adaptation plans and evaluate different approaches. Recent Findings The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided funding, technical assistance, and an adaptation framework to assist localities with climate planning and activities. The differing processes with which states, cities, and tribes develop and implement adaptation plans have been observed. We outline examples of the implementation of CDC’s framework and activities for local adaptation, with a focus on case studies at differing jurisdictional levels (a state, a city, and a sovereign tribe). Summary The use of local considerations and data are important to inform climate adaptation. The adaptable implementation of CDC’s framework is helping communities protect health. Keywords Climate . Climate and health . Climate adaptation
Introduction Climate change is a threat to human health, with impacts expected to continue in the future [1]. Heat-related illness, vector-borne diseases, food- and water-borne illness, mental health and stress-related disorders, and cardiorespiratory disease are all potential negative health outcomes from exposure to climate-related hazards [2]. The health impact and cost in
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Global Environmental Health & Sustainability * Paul J. Schramm [email protected] 1
Climate and Health Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS S106-6, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
2
New York City Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
3
Swinomish Indian Tribal Community, La Conner, WA, USA
4
Minnesota Department of Health, Saint Paul, MN, USA
the United States (US) is large—one study examined ten climate-related events (ranging from wildfires to floods) in 2012, and found they resulted in an estimated 917 deaths, 20,568 hospitalizations, and 17,857 emergency department visits, with a financial burden from these health impacts between $2.7 and $24.6 billion [3]. Climate impacts are not distributed evenly. Regional and local effects of climate change vary widely; the Fourth National Climate Assessment details differentiation in the widespread effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations on the climate of ten different regions of the US [4••]. These variations nece
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