Clinical Cardiology

Cardiology interfaces with vascular neurology more than any other medical specialty; therefore the cardiac evaluation is a key component of any stroke workup. Conditions such as dysrhythmia, structural lesions, cardiomyopathy, vasculopathy, or valve disea

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Vascular Neurology Board Review An Essential Study Guide Second Edition

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Vascular Neurology Board Review

Hardik P. Amin  •  Joseph L. Schindler Editors

Vascular Neurology Board Review An Essential Study Guide Second Edition

Editors Hardik P. Amin Medical Stroke Director Assistant Professor of Neurology Yale University School of Medicine Yale-New Haven Hospital St. Raphael Campus New Haven, CT USA

Joseph L. Schindler Clinical Chief Division of Vascular Neurology Director of Yale New Haven Comprehensive Stroke Center Associate Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery Yale University School of Medicine Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, CT USA

ISBN 978-3-030-52551-4    ISBN 978-3-030-52552-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52552-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To Kejal and Serena for all your support. – HPA To Mimi and Nick. – JLS



Preface The intent of this second edition is to provide a concise review for practitioners in preparation for the Vascular Neurology Boards including the Maintenance of Certification exam. This edition has been further enriched with new treatment paradigms and updated trial results. While the field has many advancements in technology, treatments, and diagnosis that have improved our capacity to take care of stroke patients, this book emphasizes clinically relevant scientific principles that must be mastered by the stroke clinician. As with any review book, the assembled material is not exhaustive and should be used as an aid for independent study in adjunct with a comprehensive text. The creation of stroke centers throughout the country has caused an influx of practitioners from emerge