Quantitative clinical nuclear cardiology, part 2: Evolving/emerging applications

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Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA INVIA Medical Imaging Solutions, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

Received Jun 12, 2020; accepted Jul 28, 2020 doi:10.1007/s12350-020-02337-4

Quantitative analysis has been applied extensively to image processing and interpretation in nuclear cardiology to improve disease diagnosis and risk stratification. This is Part 2 of a twopart continuing medical education article, which will review the potential clinical role for emerging quantitative analysis tools. The article will describe advanced methods for quantifying dyssynchrony, ventricular function and perfusion, and hybrid imaging analysis. This article discusses evolving methods to measure myocardial blood flow with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography. Novel quantitative assessments of myocardial viability, microcalcification and in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and cardiac amyloidosis will also be described. Lastly, we will review the potential role for artificial intelligence to improve image analysis, disease diagnosis, and risk prediction. The potential clinical role for all these novel techniques will be highlighted as well as methods to optimize their implementation. (J Nucl Cardiol 2020) Key Words: Nuclear cardiology Æ myocardial blood flow Æ quantitation Æ artificial intelligence Æ phase analysis

INTRODUCTION

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-020-02337-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This article is being jointly published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.242537) and the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12350-02002337-4). Reprint requests: Piotr J. Slomka, PhD, FACC, Department of Imaging (Division of Nuclear Medicine), Medicine, and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; [email protected] 1071-3581/$34.00 Copyright  2020 Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.

Nuclear cardiology, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), have been a key noninvasive imaging modality for patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease. Quantitative analysis has been applied extensively to image processing and interpretation in nuclear cardiology. This article provides an update on the current state of quantitative nuclear cardiology and is Part 2 of a two-part continuing medical education article. In Part 1, we discussed clinically established quantitative tools and how to best incorporate them into clinical practice.1,2 In Part 2, we will revi