Clinical characteristics of 194 cases of COVID-19 in Huanggang and Taian, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Clinical characteristics of 194 cases of COVID‑19 in Huanggang and Taian, China Hong Zhang1 · Wenli Shang2 · Qinghua Liu3 · Xuejing Zhang4 · Maochuan Zheng2 · Maokui Yue2 Received: 10 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose We aimed to report the clinical characteristics of 194 cases coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Huanggang, Hubei and Taian, Shandong. Methods We retrospectively investigated the clinical, laboratory characteristics and CT imaging of confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 22 to February 28, 2020 in Huanggang Central Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. Real time PCR was used to detect the new coronavirus in respiratory samples. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of ACE2 in tissues. Results Among the 194 patients infected with COVID-19, 108 patients were male, with a median age of 48.3 years. The average preclinical period was 7.44 day. Except for 37 severe or critically ill patients, the rest of the 157 patients exhibited mild or moderate symptoms. 190 (97.94%) patients were confirmed during the three times nucleic acid test. The main clinical symptom of the patients were fever, sore throat and cough, which accounted for 146 cases (75.26%), 98 (50.52%) and 86 cases (44.33%), respectively. 30 patients (15.46%) showed liver dysfunction. Imaging examination showed that 141 patients (72.68%) showed abnormal density shadow, while 53 cases (27.32%) had no obvious abnormality in the parenchyma of both lungs. Up to now, 109 cases have been discharged from the hospital, and 9 patients died. The ACE2 expression levels were up-regulated in patients of severe type and critically ill type. Conclusion Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and CT imaging should be combined for comprehensive analysis to diagnose COVID-19. ACE2 may be the receptor of COVID-19. Keywords Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) · Clinical characteristics · Novel coronavirus pneumonia · Huanggang · Taian · ACE2 Hong Zhang and Wenli Shang contributed equally to this work.
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01440-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
In December 2019, clusters of novel pneumonia caused by COVID-19, the 2019 novel coronavirus, broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China. This novel coronavirus has been recently identified as a type of beta coronavirus, with a diameter of 60–140 nm, which enveloped virions that appear as oval or round and polymorphous following the strong infectivity and general susceptibility to people of all ages and across the globe [1, 2]. Since December 2019, a large number of patients infected with COVID-19 have been reported around the world [3–6]. Up to March 10, 2020, 80,928 cases were confirmed in China, including 67,760 cases in Hubei Province, with49,965 cases in Wuhan City. Gratifyingly, the outbreak of COVID-19 is
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