Clinical Effectiveness and Mechanism of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treating Chronic Low Back and Lower Extrem
- PDF / 482,977 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 44 Downloads / 131 Views
OTHER PAIN (N VADIVELU AND AD KAYE, SECTION EDITORS)
Clinical Effectiveness and Mechanism of Action of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treating Chronic Low Back and Lower Extremity Pain: a Systematic Review Ricardo Vallejo 1,2,3 & Ashim Gupta 4,5,6 & David L. Cedeno 2,3,7 & Alejandro Vallejo 7,8 & William J. Smith 7,9 & Samuel M. Thomas 10 & Ramsin Benyamin 1,2,11 & Alan D. Kaye 12,13 & Laxmaiah Manchikanti 14,15,16 Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose of the present systematic review is to provide a current understanding of the mechanism of action and the evidence available to support clinical decision-making. The focus is to summarize randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized or observational studies of spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain to understand clinical effectiveness and the mechanism of action. Recent Findings Several recent studies have demonstrated the benefit of spinal cord stimulation in managing chronic pain. Until recently, the mechanism of action was founded on a central paradigm derived from gate control theory, which is the need to stimulate the dorsal column of the spinal cord to generate paresthesia. The recent development of new therapies that do not rely on paresthesia has left the field without a clear mechanism of action that could serve as a strong foundation to further improve clinical outcomes. Consequently, multiple theories have emerged to explain how electrical pulse applied to the spinal cord could alleviate pain, including activation of specific supraspinal pathways, and segmental modulation of the neurological interaction. Recent systematic reviews also have shown the clinical effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation in managing chronic spinal pain, phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, and other chronic painful conditions. Summary Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain is rapidly evolving with technology at its forefront. This comprehensive focused review evaluated 11 RCTs and 7 nonrandomized/observational studies which provided levels of evidence ranging from I to II. Keywords Spinal cord stimulation . Neuromodulation . 10 kHz SCS . Burst stimulation . Dorsal root ganglion stimulation . Chronic pain . Neuropathic pain
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Other Pain * David L. Cedeno [email protected]
Samuel M. Thomas [email protected]
Ricardo Vallejo [email protected]
Ramsin Benyamin [email protected]
Ashim Gupta [email protected]
Alan D. Kaye [email protected]; [email protected]
Alejandro Vallejo [email protected] William J. Smith [email protected]
Laxmaiah Manchikanti [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
70
Page 2 of 13
Curr Pain Headache Rep
(2020) 24:70
Introduction
Criteria for Considering Studies for This Review
The field of electrical neuromodulation, conceived as an application of the gate control theory (GCT), w
Data Loading...
