Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics A Primer for Clinical In
Here is a book for clinicians, clinical investigators, trainees, and graduates who wish to develop their proficiency in the planning, execution, and interpretation of clinical and epidemiological research. Emphasis is placed on the design and analysis of
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Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics A Primer for Clinical Investigators and Decision-Makers
With 37 Figures and 60 Tables
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Michael S.Kramer, M.D. Professor of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology and Biostatistics McGill University Faculty of Medicine t020 Pine Avenue West Montreal, Quebec H3A tA2, Canada
ISBN -13: 978-3-642-64814-4 e- ISBN -13 :978-3-642-61372-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-61372-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Kramer, Michael 5., 1948 Clinical epidemiology and biostatistics 1 Michael S. Kramer. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13:978-3-642-64814-4 (U.S.) 1. Epidemiology - Research - Methodology. 2. Epidemiology Statistical methods. 3. Biometry. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Biometry - methods. 2. Epidemiologic Methods. 3. Research Design. WA 950 K89c] RA652.K73 1988614.4'028 dc 19 DNLM/DLC This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Typesetting: Appl, Wemding 2123/3145-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
Does the world really need yet another textbook of epidemiology or biostatistics? Several new volumes have been published in the past few years, and the need for one more "me too" is far from obvious. The reason for adding to what is already a crowded field stems from my experience in coordinating a course in clinical epidemiology and biostatistics for first-year medical students at McGill. Unlike course offerings at most other medical schools, ours emphasized principles of analytic (cause-and-effect) inference. Unfortunately, no textbook was available for a clinical audience that focused on the acquisition of these analytic skills. Although several years have elapsed since, I still believe this to be the case. Another problem with existing textbooks is that they tend to be textbooks of epidemiology or biostatistics, but not of both. Epidemiology texts are written by epidemiologists, biostatistical texts by biostatisticians.
