Clinical relevance of tumor microenvironment: immune cells, vessels, and mouse models
- PDF / 602,452 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 6 Downloads / 166 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Clinical relevance of tumor microenvironment: immune cells, vessels, and mouse models Eriko Katsuta1 · Omar M. Rashid2,3,4,5 · Kazuaki Takabe1,6,7,8,9,10 Received: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 © Japan Human Cell Society 2020
Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. TME includes immune cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, and so on. There are anti-cancer and pro-cancer immune cells. In general, infiltration of anti-cancer immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), is associated with a favorable patient prognosis. In contrast, infiltration of pro-cancer immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is associated with a worse prognosis. However, some immune cells, which play an ambivalent role in cancer immunity, have demonstrated contradictory impacts on patient prognosis. Blood and lymphatic vessels play crucial roles in TME not only as delivery and draining systems of fluid and molecules, but also allowing cancer cells access to systematic circulation to metastasize. Angiogenesis promotes cancer aggressiveness and is associated with a worse prognosis. Its targeted therapy shows a benefit in some cancers, however, because the target can vary by caner type, a benefit of anti-angiogenesis therapy is limited in the current standard of care. Lymphangiogenesis plays a role in lymph node metastasis, thus, it is associated with a poor prognosis in some cancers. To study TME, the mouse model is one of the most commonly used tools. The choice of appropriate mouse model depends on the hypothesis being tested and the scientific question being asked. Here, we review recent studies that investigated the clinical relevance of TME components and introduce mouse models to study TME. Keywords Tumor · Microenvironment · Cancer · Immune · Vessel
Introduction Because malignant tumor is a disease caused by an uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, studies have historically focused on cancer cells. The hallmarks of cancer include genome instability and mutation, maintenance * Kazuaki Takabe [email protected] 1
Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
2
Holy Cross Hospital Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
3
Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
4
Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
5
Department of Surgery, Nova Southeastern University School of Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, deregulation of cellular energetics, resistance of cell death, enabled replicative immortality, invasive phenotype and metastasis capability [1]. Recently, it has become clear that tumor biology, the behavior of a bulk tumor, is determined not only by
Data Loading...
