Clinical setting-based smoking cessation programme and the quality of life in people living with HIV in Austria and Germ
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Clinical setting-based smoking cessation programme and the quality of life in people living with HIV in Austria and Germany Igor Grabovac1 • Helmut Brath2 • Horst Schalk3 • Olaf Degen4 • Thomas E. Dorner1
Accepted: 13 April 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
Abstract Purpose To report on the global quality of life (QOL) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and how a smoking cessation intervention influences the changes in QOL. Methods Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire during visits to their HIV outpatient clinic consisting of sociodemographic information, general health data and the WHOQOL HIV-Bref. Exhaled carbon monoxide measurements were used to confirm the smoking status, based on which participants classified as smokers received a short 5 min structured intervention and were offered participation in a full smoking cessation programme consisting of five sessions. Follow-up was done 8 months after the baseline. Results Overall 447 (mean age = 45.5) participants took part with 221 being classified as smokers. A total of 165 (74.6%) participants received a short intervention and 63 (29.4%) agreed to participate in the full program. At baseline, differences in QoL were observed, where smokers had lower QoL in domains of physical (M = 16.1 vs. 15.3, p = 0.009) and psychological (M = 15.3 vs. 14.6,
& Igor Grabovac [email protected] 1
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15/1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
2
Health Centre South, Wienerbergstrasse 13, 1100 Vienna, Austria
3
‘‘Schalk-Pichler Group Practice’’, Zimmermannplatz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
4
Infectious Diseases Unit, University Clinic HamburgEppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
p = 0.021) well-being, independency level (M = 16.1 vs. 15.2, p = 0.003) and environment (M = 16.5 vs. 16.0, p = 0.036). At study end, 27 (12.2%) participants quit smoking; 12 (19.0%) participants of the full programme and 15 (14.7%) that received the short intervention. There were no significant differences in QoL between those that continued to smoke and quitters at follow-up. Conclusion Quality of life results may be used to better understand the underlying motivation of PLWHIV who start cessation programs. In order to reduce the high prevalence and health burden that smoking causes in PLWHIV, it is necessary to introduce effective interventions that can be used in the clinical settings. Keywords Global quality of life Smoking PLWHIV Smoking cessation
Background Recent advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have improved the immune function and led to an increase in life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) [1–3]. Yet, the health-related problems linked to cigarette smoking curtail these benefits with research indicating more than twice as many years of life lost in PLWHIV who smoke in comparison to the general population who smoke [4]. Smoking, thusly, still presents a major problem in the PLWHIV communi
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