Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older west African people living with HIV
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older west African people living with HIV Charlotte Bernard1,2*, Hélène Font1,2, Zélica Diallo3, Richard Ahonon4, Judicaël Malick Tine5, Franklin N’guessan Abouo3, Aristophane Tanon3, Eugène Messou4, Moussa Seydi5, François Dabis1,2, Nathalie de Rekeneire1,2 and the IeDEA West Africa Cohort Collaboration
Abstract Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Depression has a negative impact on both mental and physical health and is mainly associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. To encourage successful aging and the achievement of the 3 × 90 objectives in older PLHIV, the psychological domain must not be neglected. In this context and as data are scarce in West Africa, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older PLHIV living in this region of the world. Methods: Data from PLHIV aged ≥50 years and on ART since ≥6 months were collected in three clinics (two in Côte d’Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating in the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and associated factors were identified using logistic regressions. Results: The median age of the 334 PLHIV included in the study was 56.7 (53.5–61.1), 57.8% were female, and 87.1% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms was 17.9% [95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 13.8–22.0]. PLHIV with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to be unemployed (adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.4–5.7), and to be current or former tobacco smokers (aOR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3–5.4) but were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8). Conclusions: The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms is high among older PLHIV living in West Africa. Unemployed PLHIV and tobacco smokers should be seen as vulnerable and in need of additional support. Further studies are needed to describe in more details the reality of the aging experience for PLHIV living in SSA. The integration of screening and management of depression in the standard of care of PLHIV is crucial. Keywords: HIV, Aging, Depression, Sub-Saharan Africa
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France 2 Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source
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