CO 2 reforming of methane to syngas over multi-walled carbon nanotube supported Ni-Ce nanoparticles: effect of different
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
CO2 reforming of methane to syngas over multi-walled carbon nanotube supported Ni-Ce nanoparticles: effect of different synthesis methods Nur Syahidah Afandi 1 & Maedeh Mohammadi 2 & Satoshi Ichikawa 3 & Abdul Rahman Mohamed 1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Several multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported Ni-Ce catalysts were synthesized, and their performance in carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM) for syngas production was evaluated. The attachment of Ni-Ce nanoparticles to the functionalized carbon nanotube (fCNT) support was carried out using four synthesis routes, i.e., impregnation (I), sol-gel (S), coprecipitation (C), and hydrothermal (H) methods. Results indicated that synthesis method influences the properties of the NiCe/fCNT catalysts in terms of homogeneity of metal dispersion, size of crystallites, and metal-support interaction. The activity of the catalysts followed the order of NiCe/fCNT(H) > NiCe/fCNT(S) > NiCe/fCNT(C) > NiCe/fCNT(I). The NiCe/fCNT(H) catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity with CH4 and CO2 conversions of 92 and 96%, respectively, and resulted in syngas product with consistent H2/CO ratio of 0.91 at reaction temperature of 800 °C without notable deactivation up to 30 h of reaction. Moreover, the growth of carbon on the spent catalyst was only 2% with deposition rate of 4.08 mg/gcat·h; this was plausibly due to the well-dispersed distribution of nanoparticles on fCNT surface and abundant presence of oxygenated groups on the catalyst surface. Keywords Carbon dioxide reforming of methane . Carbon deposition . Multi-walled carbon nanotubes . Nickel-cerium-based catalyst . Syngas . Synthesis method
Introduction Increasing emissions of two significant anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) which are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from manufacturing plants and fuel combustion have critically affected the world’s global warming problem. In this regard, many attempts have been made to address the critical environmental issues, scarcity in fossil fuel supply, and
Responsible editor: Santiago V. Luis * Abdul Rahman Mohamed [email protected] 1
Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148, Iran
3
Institute for Nanoscience Design, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
continuous increase in energy demand (Demirbas 2010). Among the attempts, a lot of hope has been pinned on carbon dioxide reforming of methane (CDRM) because of its potential to simultaneously utilize two main GHGs to produce syngas containing hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO): CH4 þ CO2 ⇌2CO þ 2H2
ΔH 298K ¼ 247:3 kJ=mol
ð1Þ
The CDRM reaction produces syngas with H2/CO ratio close to one that is suitable for production of oxygenated compounds and higher hydrocarbons through FischerTr
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