Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues
Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues addresses the major implications and critical issues surrounding coal combustion products and their impact upon the environment. It provides essential information for scientists conducting research
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Kenneth S. Sajwan Irena Twardowska Tracy Punshon Ashok K. Alva Editors
Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues
- Springer
Kenneth S. Sajwan Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Savannah State University Savannah, GA 3 1404 USA Irena Twardowska Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences 4 1 -8 19 Zabrze Poland Tracy Punshon Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia Aiken, SC 29802 USA and
Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Ashok K. Alva Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit USDA-ARS, Pacific West Area Prosser, WA 99350 USA
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005930800
Printed on acid-free paper.
O 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(TBDBT)
SPIN 11423706
IN GRATITUDE TO My family, Maria, Mia, and Joseph Sajwan Who've been through it all before and
Dr. George Gobran Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden For his major contribution in organizing the Seventh International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, of which the present work is a part.
Preface
The massive accumulation of coal fly ash generated by electric power plants during fossil fuel combustion has become a major environmental health concern in the United States. Even though, stringent environmental regulations have been mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency through the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, coal combustion products continue to pose serious environmental concerns due to our major reliance upon fossil fuels to meet ever increasing demands for energy production within the United States. The concentrations of trace elements in coal residues are extremely variable and depend upon the composition of the original coal, conditions experienced during combustion, the efficiency of emission control devices, storage and handling procedures, and overall climatic conditions. The research papers carefully selected for publication within this book were originally presented as a part of the Seventh International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, from June
