Coaxial 3D bioprinting of organ prototyps from nutrients delivery to vascularization
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Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A (Applied Physics & Engineering) ISSN 1673-565X (Print); ISSN 1862-1775 (Online) www.jzus.zju.edu.cn; www.springerlink.com E-mail: [email protected]
Review:
Coaxial 3D bioprinting of organ prototyps from nutrients delivery to vascularization* Hamed RAMEZANI, Lu-yu ZHOU, Lei SHAO, Yong HE†‡ The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems and Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China †
E-mail: [email protected]
Received June 8, 2020; Revision accepted Sept. 4, 2020; Crosschecked Oct. 28, 2020
Abstract: Vascular networks inside organs provide the means for metabolic exchange and adequate nutrition. Similarly, vascular or nutrient networks are needed when building tissue constructs >500 μm in vitro due to the hydrogel compact pore size of bioinks. As the hydrogel used in bioinks is rather soft, it is a great challenge to reconstruct effective vascular networks. Recently, coaxial 3D bioprinting was developed to print tissue constructs directly using hollow hydrogel fibers, which can be treated as built-in microchannels for nutrient delivery. Furthermore, vascular networks could be printed directly through coaxial 3D bioprinting. This review summarizes recent advances in coaxial bioprinting for the fabrication of complex vascularized tissue constructs including methods, the effectiveness of varying strategies, and the use of sacrificial bioink. The limitations and challenges of coaxial 3D bioprinting are also summarized. Key words: 3D bioprinting; Coaxial bioprinting; Vascularization; Bioink https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.A2000261 CLC number: Q819
1 Why is coaxial 3D bioprinting needed? Applications with 3D bioprinting to design and manufacture 3D cellular structures for use in transplantation therapies are emerging. The unique advantage of this technology is its ability to build 3D structures with bioactive components, such as cells and biocompatible materials (Lee and Yeong, 2016; Mandrycky et al., 2016; He et al., 2019, 2020). The ultimate goal of 3D bioprinting is to produce functional living organs for regenerative medicine or organ prototypes for drug screening (Ng et al., 2019).
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Corresponding author Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFA0703000) and the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51521064) ORCID: Yong HE, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-0831 © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
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The fabrication of functional tissue constructs in vitro is a big challenge that requires the long-term hard work of biologists and engineers. Among them, vascularization is one of the key factors in the fabrication of large organ prototyping, especially ways to accelerate cell interaction in long-term cultures (Ji et al., 2019). If the thickness of the tissue construct is greater than 500
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