Cobalt-doped nanoporous carbon as SALDI-TOF-MS adsorbent and matrix for quantification of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cobalt-doped nanoporous carbon as SALDI-TOF-MS adsorbent and matrix for quantification of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, Rhodamine B and Malachite Green at sub-ppt levels Deshuai Zhen 1,2 & Ning Jiang 1 & Hongchao Geng 1 & Yan Qiao 1 & Yu Liu 1 & Xingqi Zhu 1 & Chan Gao 1 & Craig A. Grimes 3 & Qingyun Cai 1 Received: 25 April 2019 / Accepted: 12 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Cobalt-doped nanoporous carbon (Co-NPC) with dodecahedral shape was pyrolytically synthesized and applied as a sorbent and matrix for the enrichment and analysis of small molecules by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOF MS). Extremely low detection limits were accomplished for cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (1 fg·mL−1), and Rhodamine B (1 fg·mL−1) in water, and Malachite Green and its metabolite in fish blood and fish extracts (pg·mL−1 concentrations). Keywords Cobalt nanoparticles . Carbon dodecahedrons . Receipt papers . Carassius auratus . Toxic contaminants . Mass spectrometry
Introduction Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely used to quantify carbohydrates, synthetic polymers, peptides and proteins [1–3]. The use of organic matrices such as 4-hydroxy-αcyanocinnamic acid (HCCA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) or sinapinic acid (SA) suffer from background noise and poor reproducibility originating with matrix selfdecomposition [4, 5]. Further, conventional MALDI-TOF MS is time-consuming in that it requires two steps, enrichment/ Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3816-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qingyun Cai [email protected]; [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, People’s Republic of China
3
Flux Photon Corporation, 5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
elution with an absorbent and then desorption/ionization with an organic matrix. It is of significant interest to develop a new matrix that can perform both the enrichment and desorption functions for the analysis of small molecules [6]. In the past ten years, a variety of functionalized micro/nanomaterials have been proposed as matrices for small molecule SALDI-TOF MS analysis including carbon based materials (rGO, Graphene oxide nanoribbons, Carbon nanofibrous, Carbon nanodots and Fluorographene) [7–10], porous silicon (nano Si and arrayed Si nanocavity) [11], metal (Au and Ag) [12, 13], metal oxides (TiO2, ZnO, NiO, Fe2O3 and MgO) [14–17], even Zn2(bim)4 and Cu-btc metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [18, 19]. However these materials either show low adsorption capacity [12–17] or low ionization efficiency [
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