Cognitive Control Training as an Augmentation Strategy to CBT in the Treatment of Fear of Failure in Undergraduates
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cognitive Control Training as an Augmentation Strategy to CBT in the Treatment of Fear of Failure in Undergraduates Nathan Van den Bergh1 · Sarah Vermeersch2 · Kristof Hoorelbeke1 · Jasmien Vervaeke1,3 · Rudi De Raedt1 · Ernst H. W. Koster1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Previous research in the context of depression indicates that Cognitive Control Training (CCT) has the potential to reduce maladaptive emotion regulation, such as rumination. However, as a stand-alone intervention, CCT does not seem to increase adaptive emotion regulation. We examined whether CCT combined with a traditional fear of failure intervention program would improve emotion regulation and psychopathology symptoms. Methods 102 students participating in a group-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program targeting fear of failure were randomized to CCT or active placebo conditions, performing ten 15-min sessions of the adaptive Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task or an adaptive speed-of-response task, respectively. Primary outcome measures were Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) and symptoms related to depression, anxiety and stress. Secondary outcomes included adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Results Task-specific cognitive transfer was observed in the CCT condition. In both conditions, RNT and symptoms were reduced. In contrast to our hypotheses, the CCT condition did not significantly differ from the active control condition in terms of treatment effects. Conclusions The current study is among the first to investigate the added value of combining CCT with CBT in an anxious sample. CCT did not augment effects of a CBT-based fear of failure treatment. Keywords Cognitive control · Cognitive Control Training · Anxiety · Executive functioning · Cognitive behavioural therapy · Repetitive negative thinking · Treatment augmentation Cognitive control refers to the ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and behavior as a function of one’s goals (Cohen 2017; Miller and Cohen 2001). Impairments at the level of cognitive control have been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing disorders such as anxiety and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10129-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nathan Van den Bergh [email protected] 1
Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium
2
Student Counseling Office, Department of Educational Policy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
3
imec‑Mict‑UGent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
depression (Goschke 2014; Hankin et al. 2016; Snyder et al. 2015). For anxiety in particular, recent meta-analytic evidence based on 58 studies (N = 8292) revealed anxietyrelated deficits in specific cognitive control processes (Shi et al. 2019). Crucially, these deficits at the level of cognitive control have
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