Cognitive bias modification of interpretation training for Chinese undergraduates with depressive symptoms
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Cognitive bias modification of interpretation training for Chinese undergraduates with depressive symptoms Rongrong Chen 1 & Jie Zheng 1,2 & Ting Li 1 & Qin Zhang 1 & Chieh Li 3 & Lixia Cui 1 Accepted: 23 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Because depression is highly prevalent among Chinese undergraduates, it is crucial to develop an approach for early intervention and prevention. Cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) has been shown to be an effective approach to alleviate anxiety. However, its utility in improving depression needs further verification. The current study sought to evaluate the efficacy of a four-session CBM-I program of depression prevention for Chinese undergraduates. Forty Chinese participants with depressive symptoms (Self-Rating Depression Scale, SDS ≥ 50) were randomly assigned to receive either a CBM-I training or a waitlist control condition. Test results of Ambiguous Scenarios Test for Depression-Related Bias and SDS indicate that the CBM-I training group have more positive interpretations and fewer symptoms of depression after the training compared to the control group. In addition, significant correlation was found between changes in depressive symptoms and changes in interpretation bias. The effect of the CBM-I on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by the change in interpretation bias. The study findings highlight the potential of CBM-I protocol as a brief, simple, and accessible approach for preventing depression. Keywords Cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) . Interpretation bias . Depressive symptom . Depression . Undergraduates
Introduction Depression is a common illness worldwide with more than 350 million people affected, resulting in nearly one million suicides annually (World Health Organization 2018). According to an epidemiological survey in China, the prevalence of depression is 6.1% (Phillips et al. 2009), suggesting that approximately 90 million Chinese people may suffer from depression. Depression impacts people’s daily lives, lowers work efficiency (Lépine and Briley 2011), causes serious psychosocial problems, raises the risk of death (Kessler and Bromet 2013), and adds crippling economic burden to society (Greenberg et al. 2015). The prevalence of depression among Chinese undergraduates is exceedingly high (Lei et al. 2016). Undergraduates are experiencing a sensitive period of life in * Lixia Cui [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Xisanhuan North Road 105, Beijing 100037, China
2
Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts , Tianjin, China
3
Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
which they are transitioning from adolescence to adulthood. They have to rely on themselves to balance their studies and other aspects of their life. Preventing and reducing mental health problems during this period is crucial (Karmakar and Behera 2017). It is therefore imperative to d
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