Cold stress alleviation using individual and combined inoculation of ACC deaminase producing microbes in Ocimum sanctum
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cold stress alleviation using individual and combined inoculation of ACC deaminase producing microbes in Ocimum sanctum Suman Singh1,3 · Arpita Tripathi1 · Chandan Singh Chanotiya2 · Deepti Barnawal1 · Pooja Singh2 · Vikas Kumar Patel1 · Poornima Vajpayee3 · Alok Kalra1 Received: 16 March 2020 / Revised: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 / Published online: 7 September 2020 © Society for Environmental Sustainability 2020
Abstract Cold stress in Ocimum sanctum is a major constraint to crop productivity in certain geographical regions. The current study was carried out to examine the effect of consortia of ACC deaminase producing microbes in reducing cold-induced damage in O. sanctum during winters to enable farmers to have O. sanctum as multi-cut crop. The effect of single and combined inoculation of ACC-deaminase producing four plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) including Brevibacterium halotolerans (Sd-6), Bacillus subtilis (Ldr-2), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Fd-2) and Burkholderia cepacia (Art-7), and a biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum (Th) have been investigated. Inoculation of O. sanctum plant with Th+Fd-2 showed better photosynthetic efficiency, which could have resulted in enhanced fresh herb weight (83.78%), compared to un-inoculated control plants. Moreover, the inoculation of Th +Fd-2 improved the nutrient uptake, increased the accumulation of proline, starch, total phenolics, and reduced the accumulation of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid), a direct precursor for ethylene biosynthesis. Scanning electron microscopy showed the effective co-colonization of Th with Fd-2 on the root surface. Our results suggest that co-inoculation of Th+Fd-2 could be a green initiative that can improve plant growth and alleviate cold stress-induced damages in O. sanctum. Keywords Trichoderma harzianum · Ocimum sanctum · Plant growth promoting bacteria · Cold stress · Scanning electron microscopy · ACC accumulation
Introduction Environmental factors such as drought, salt, temperatures (low or high) play a major role in restricting crop production worldwide (Subiramani et al. 2020). Low (cold) temperature can be injurious to many plants, leading to morphological, biochemical, physiological, and molecular modifications that negatively affect the productivity of important crops. Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae family) is a prominent Indian * Alok Kalra [email protected] 1
Microbial Technology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
2
Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
3
Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
medicinal plant, also known as holy basil, Tulsi, and Vishnupriya (Darrah 1980). It has anti-cancerous, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-spasmodic, cardio-protective and analgesic activities (Pattanayak et al. 2010). The medicinal properties in Ocimum are chiefly due to t
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