Phytochemical and antioxidant profiling of Ocimum sanctum
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phytochemical and antioxidant profiling of Ocimum sanctum Abha Chaudhary1 • Sanjay Sharma1 • Ashwani Mittal1 • Sanjeev Gupta1 Anita Dua1
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Revised: 30 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 April 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract The leaves of Ocimum sanctum were extracted in methanol (OsM) and sequentially fractionated with n-hexane (OsH), ethylacetate (OsE) and butanol (OsB) to find the best extraction solvent for antioxidants from the herb known for its medicinal values. OsB was rich in both total polyphenolic content (TPC) (212.26 ± 6.3 mg GAE/ g extract) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) (54.51 ± 3.5 mg QE/g extract). OsE also had significantly high TPC (202.71 ± 5.5 mg GAE/g extract). The EC50 based on DPPH (3.91 ± 0.3 lg/ml), ABTS (1.6 ± 0.1 lg/ ml) and phosphomolybdate (2.31 ± 0.1 lg/ml) for OsB; hydroxyl (5.3 ± 0.4 lg/ml), superoxide (7.32 ± 0.9 lg/ ml) radicals for OsM and DPPH (8.61 ± 0.6 lg/ml), phosphomolybdate (2.43 ± 0.1 lg/ml) and ABTS (5.3 ± 0.4 lg/ml) for OsE were lower than ascorbic acid showing potential antioxidant properties. EC50 values of different fractions for DPPH anion, ABTS cation free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate reducing property were significantly and positively correlated with TPC and TFC. LC–MS analysis of OsB and OsE showed the presence of luteolin, apigenin, rosmarinic, chlorogenic, caffeic acid and their derivatives. Quercetin is extracted in ethylacetate fraction. Overall data revealed that O. sanctum leaf extracts in butanol and ethylacetate with high polyphenolics and flavonoids, had strong antioxidant potential.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04417-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Anita Dua [email protected] 1
Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
Keywords Ocimum sanctum LC–MS Total phenolic Total flavonoid Antioxidant assay
Introduction Reactive oxygen species are essentially produced as the intermediate metabolites in a number of physiological processes like energy production in mitochondria, phagocytosis, cell growth regulation, intracellular signaling and detoxification of xenobiotics in the human body. Exposure to UV irradiations, chemical pollutants, organic solvents, tobacco smoke and pesticides are some of the environmental factors contributing to ROS over production. Stress generated due to current life style further adds to the overproduction of free radicals and causing tissue damage leading to deteriorating health conditions. High and chronic stress is related to a large number of pathological conditions like atherosclerosis, arthritis, ischemia, cancer and injuries to many tissues including central nervous system (Mazandarani 2012). Human health is the primary concern as it influences the efficiency and indirectly affects the economic status of individual, family, society and nation. Use of antioxidants to comb
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