Collapse Mechanism of Shallow-Buried Karst Cave Under the Effect of Mining
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Collapse Mechanism of Shallow-Buried Karst Cave Under the Effect of Mining Z. Zhou
. Y. L. Xu . C. Q. Zhu . M. T. Xu . Z. Y. Jin
Received: 19 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Considering the surface collapse problem in shallow-buried karst mining area, the process and mechanism of karst cave and surface collapse were theoretically analyzed. The surface collapse process of shallow-buried karst was reconstructed through UDEC numerical simulation, and the causes for the development of open karst cave fissures were preliminarily discussed. Study results indicate that: the formation of open karst cave fissures is the prerequisite and basis for surface collapse, and whether the structure of the soil cave may remain stable is the key for whether the karst collapse will develop to surface. In response to this, in order to prevent surface collapse after the formation of open karst cave fissures, the overlying layer must be
Z. Zhou (&) · Y. L. Xu · M. T. Xu · Z. Y. Jin Institute of Mining Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. L. Xu e-mail: [email protected]
thicker than the sum of ultimate equilibrium height of the soil cave and the ultimate development depth of the earth fissures. Meanwhile, the formation of open karst cave fissures is mainly due to the reduction or unloading of horizontal pressure stress during the bending and subsidence process of the karst stratum. Based on the research achievements in this paper, cases of karst and surface collapse in the mining area were analyzed and discussed with Pinghu Mine as the engineering background, and the results indicate that the critical safety thickness of the overlying layer at No.1 and No.6 collapse sites in Pinghu Mining area should be at least 13.36 m. In this paper, from the point view of environmental protection, the development process and mechanism of shallow-buried karst collapse under the effect of mining were analyzed to provide directive significance for mining with coordination between environment and resources in karst areas. Keywords Karst collapse · Earth fissures · Soil cave · Effect of mining
M. T. Xu e-mail: [email protected] Z. Y. Jin e-mail: [email protected] C. Q. Zhu School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Due to the fragile ecological environment in karst areas, the surface environment is vulnerable to be damaged during fully caving coal mining, amd more and more attention has been paid to ecological and environmental protection. In view of this, the study of
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Geotech Geol Eng
the mechanism of shallow-buried karst collapse under the effect of mining exerts important significance on mining with coordination between environment and resources in karst areas. For years, studies on coal seam mining in karst areas mainly focus on two aspects: karst wat
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