Colorimetric and visual determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose by applying paper-based closed bipolar electroche
- PDF / 2,320,876 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 42 Downloads / 179 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Colorimetric and visual determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose by applying paper-based closed bipolar electrochemistry Elmira Rafatmah 1 & Bahram Hemmateenejad 1 Received: 26 March 2019 / Accepted: 7 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A disposable paper-based bipolar electrochemical biosensor is reported for determination of glucose. The closed bipolar electrochemical cell is fabricated on a small part of paper using a laser printing-based process for paper hydrophobization. The bipolar and driving electrodes are provided by pressing the writing pencil HB on the paper. The mechanism of sensing of glucose is oxidation of the analyte in the sensing cell using glucose oxidase followed by reduction of the produced H2O2 by application of an external potential (10.0 V). This causes the oxidation of K4Fe(CN)6 in the presence of Fe(II) ions and subsequent formation of Prussian Blue (PB) particles in the reporting cell. The intensity of the blue color in the reporting cell is used as a visual and colorimetric signal that can be digitally read using a scanner of digital camera. The parameters affecting the performance of the device were optimized using experimental design and chemometrics modeling. The P-BPE represents a very wide response range that extends from 0.1 mmol.L−1 to 4.0 mol.L−1 in the case of hydrogen peroxide, and from 0.1 to 50 mmol.L−1 in the case of glucose. The limit of detections for hydrogen peroxide and glucose are 4.9 μmol.L−1 and 70 μmol.L−1 respectively. Keywords Bipolar electrochemistry . Central composite design . Image analysis . Paper-based microfluidic . Prussian blue particles . Paper hydrophobization
Introduction Bipolar electrochemical assays had gained lots of attention. An electronic conductor in contact with a conductive electrolyte which acts as mixed electrodes (one side as an anode and the other side as a cathode) is called a bipolar electrode (BPE) [1]. By applying a high electric field to the driving electrode (DE) in touch with the electrolyte, a linear potential drop among the two DEs and also the two end sides of BPE would be developed. This makes it feasible to have both reduction and oxidation reactions simultaneously but on the two end sides of BPE. The favorable outcome has risen in this field because of elimination of power supply/electrode connection. This would lead Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3793-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bahram Hemmateenejad [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71964-84334, Iran
to indirect control of the polarization of many electrodes by single power supply and availability of wide ranges of BPE size. Since BPE had no connection with readout systems, the Faradic current cannot be measured by conventional methods. Generally, the cell where analyte reaction takes place is called sensing cell and
Data Loading...
