Combining conservation priorities and vulnerability of invasion in nature reserves using geospatial tools can optimize m
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PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER
Combining conservation priorities and vulnerability of invasion in nature reserves using geospatial tools can optimize management efforts M. E. Bravo
. S. M. Fiori . M. E. Carbone
Received: 4 August 2019 / Revised: 10 October 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The management of invasive species in large, little-known, nature reserves is difficult. Weighing the risk of invasion against the conservation value of each sector in nature reserves would help design viable management strategies. We evaluated the invasion risk of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in nature reserves in the Bahı´a Blanca estuary (Argentina). We tested the hypothesis that there were areas of high conservation value in the nature reserves that are susceptible to invasion by C. gigas. We
Handling editor: Andrew Dzialowski M. E. Bravo (&) S. M. Fiori M. E. Carbone Instituto Argentino de Oceanografı´a (IADO-UNSCONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)CONICET, Bahı´a Blanca, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] M. E. Bravo Instituto de Geociencias Ba´sicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires (IGEBA-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Geolo´gicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina S. M. Fiori Departamento de Biologı´a Bioquı´mica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahı´a Blanca, Argentina M. E. Carbone Departamento de Geografı´a y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahı´a Blanca, Argentina
measured its spatial expansion and increase in density on the north coast of the estuary from 2010 to 2015. This allows establishing its preferences of substrate type and tide level in the intertidal zone, hereafter geoenvironmental units. We mapped these geo-environmental units within nature reserves using GIS analysis. We found high risk of invasion in 246 hectares of high priority sectors in nature reserves, which minimized the need of management efforts to 13.5% of the total area of nature reserves. We highlight the sectors where C. gigas would generate the strongest impact, as well as where management efforts would be more costeffective. Our approach provides a framework that can be used to assess risk in nature reserves and help identify management priorities. Keywords Management of invasive species GIS Protected areas Tools for policy makers
Introduction An invasive species is a species that has been introduced outside its natural range of distribution by either deliberate or accidental human activities and which has established self-reproducing populations (Carlton, 1989). They are considered a major threat to biodiversity conservation, the economy and human health (Mack et al., 2000; Bax et al., 2003; Pimentel,
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Hydrobiologia
2011; Simberloff et al., 2013) causing serious and persistent changes in marine and coastal environments (Carlton, 1999; Bax et al., 2003; Molnar et al., 2008). There is a consensus that pr
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