Commercial determinants of health: a proposed research agenda
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COMMENTARY
Commercial determinants of health: a proposed research agenda Nino Paichadze1
•
Meghan Werbick1 • Paul Ndebele1 • Imran Bari1 • Adnan A. Hyder1
Received: 3 February 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 Ó Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+) 2020
In 2017, 45.5 million people died globally from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and more than 75% of these deaths occurred in the Global South (IHME 2019; WHO 2018). Economically, it is expected that mortality and disability attributed to NCDs will cost low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) $84 billion in just 10 years (Kickbusch 2015). It is imperative that the public health community takes action through research, intervention, and policy implementation to better understand and combat NCDs in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribute to a healthier population. NCDs are influenced by many individual, social, environmental and commercial determinants (Knai et al. 2018). While the influence of corporations on public health has long been recognized, the community still struggles with how to manage the negative health impacts resulting from corporate activity (Wipfli and Mack 2017). This commentary aims to encourage the development of an international and multi-sectoral research agenda to target commercial determinants of health (CDoH)—‘‘strategies and approaches used by the private sector to promote products and choices that are detrimental to health’’ (Kickbusch et al. 2016). Due to the primarily conceptual This Commentary is part of the special issue ‘‘Market-driven forces and Public Health’’. & Nino Paichadze [email protected] Meghan Werbick [email protected] Paul Ndebele [email protected] Imran Bari [email protected] Adnan A. Hyder [email protected] 1
Center on Commercial Determinants of Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
nature of current literature on CDoH, we recognize that there is a lack of clarity in how these terms and themes are used in research and practice, and that one definition cannot summarize all of the facets of CDoH and the private industry. However, this definition allows us to evaluate important tactics used by corporations to influence health decisions of consumers, and how public health can begin to address these issues. The proposed agenda is a global reflection based on literature review and discussions with researchers and practitioners from different fields in the USA, UK, Australia and Global South including Bangladesh, Zambia, Pakistan and Vietnam. By shifting the public health focus from individual health risk behaviors to CDoH, public health research can aid in addressing the association between NCDs and commercial risk factors and highlight the impact of the private industry on the overall health of populations worldwide. Given the immense impact of NCDs on health globally and the existing evidence of the role of CDoH on health, establishing a research agenda
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