Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework Standardization
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mera Camera is the face imaging device delivering either single image stills or video streams. It generally delivers a standard analog signal and requires a digitization device to produce digital images. Low-cost web cameras provide a standard USB interface to deliver digitized images in digital format. High-end cameras provide a standard digital signal for high-resolution images. ▶ Face Device ▶ Image Formation
on the 3D space is defined, by the camera model and a few parameters (camera parameters) such, as the focal length. ▶ Face Pose Analysis
Camera Point of View Camera point of view is the effective location and orientation of a camera that would result in the observed hand silhouette. ▶ Hand Data Interchange Format, Standardization
Cancelable Biometrics A NDY A DLER Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Synonym
Camera Device ▶ Face Device
Camera Model The camera model describes how a point in the 3D space is projected on the 2D image plane. The projection that gives the 2D image coordinates of any point #
2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Revocable biometrics
Definition Cancelable biometrics are designed to allow an individual to enroll and revoke a large number of different biometric samples. Each biometric image is encoded with a distortion scheme that varies for each application. The concept was developed to address the privacy and security concerns that biometric samples are limited and must be used for multiple applications. During enrollment, the input biometric image is subjected to a known distortion controlled by a set of
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Cancelable Biometrics
parameters. The distorted biometric sample can, in some schemes, be processed with standard biometrics algorithms, which are unaware that the features presented to them are distorted. During matching, the live biometric sample must be distorted with the same parameters, which must be securly stored. The cancelable nature of this scheme is provided by the distortion, in that it is not the user’s ‘‘actual’’ biometric that is stored, but simply one of an arbitrarily large number of possible permutations. One concern with cancelable biometrics is the secure management of the distortion parameters.
Introduction Cancelable biometrics describes a class of biometric matching algorithms designed to address the security and privacy concerns because of the limited number of biometric samples. This limitation – humans have only one face, two eyes and up to ten fingers – raises several concerns (▶ Security and Liveness, Overview): (1) the same biometric must be enrolled into multiple applications, potentially allowing cross application privacy and security vulnerabilities; for example, fingerprint images given to enter an amusement park may then be used to spoof a user to their bank; (2) a compromised biometric sample is a permanent loss to a user, unlike other security systems, where, for example, new cards or passwords can be issued; and (3) network protocols based on biometrics are potentially vulnerable to replay attacks. Cancelable biometri
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