Comparative analysis of acute and chronic stress-induced neurobehavioral alteration and liver injury in mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative analysis of acute and chronic stress‑induced neurobehavioral alteration and liver injury in mice Tae Woo Oh1 · Kwang‑Youn Kim1 · Hyun Ju Do1 · Young‑Woo Kim2 · Kwang‑Il Park3,4 Received: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 © The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicoproteomics 2020 2020
Abstract Backgrounds Recent research has shown that stress has a significant influence on the functions of many organs. Objective The present study investigated the effect of acute or chronic restraint stress on physiological and psychological processes. Results In the acute stress group, body weight and food intake did not change, but in the chronic stress group, food intake significantly increased and body weight was significantly inhibited. ALT and AST levels were significantly increased by both groups. Acute and chronic restraint stress led to different behavioral changes. Serum levels of corticosterone and cortisol were more increased in chronic stress than in acute stress. The levels of neurons and astrocyte in the hippocampus, and the NeuN-positive neuronal cells remained unaffected by acute stress, but were decreased by chronic stress. GFAP-positive astrocytes were increased by both groups. Conclusion In summary, our study provides evidence of a relationship between liver injury and behavioral change upon exposure to restraint stress. Keywords Restraint stress · Liver injury · Neuronal cell death · Behavioral change · Depressive-like symptoms · Anxietylike behavior
Introduction Stress is a critical factor for depression, and associated with imbalance in physiological and psychological homeostasis, including the function and morphology of the hippocampus (Johnson et al. 1992; Kim and Diamond 2002). Several Tae Woo Oh and Kwang-Youn Kim contributed equally to this work. * Kwang‑Il Park [email protected] 1
Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
2
School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
3
Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
4
Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and behavioral disorders, are associated with exposure to stress (Stojanovich and Marisavljevich 2008; Moore and Cunningham 2012). Stressful events are associated with a vast range of physiological and behavioral effects, including alterations in learning, memory, cognition and emotional responses, causing mental disorders such as anxiety and depression (Masood et al. 2008; Tyng et al. 2017). Although research in variety of fields has demonstrated the association between stress and the disruption of physiological/psychological homeostasis, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Several studies using animal models have shown that stress-induced anxiety suppr
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