Comparative Effects of Schisandrin A, B, and C on Acne-Related Inflammation
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative Effects of Schisandrin A, B, and C on Acne-Related Inflammation Miaomiao Guo,1 Faliang An,1 Xing Wei,1 Minhua Hong,2,3 and Yanhua Lu1,3
Inflammatory responses induced by Propionibacterium acnes are a major etiological factor in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Schisandrin A, schisandrin B, and schisandrin C are the representative lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. extract. Although anti-inflammatory effects of the lignans have been shown, their effects on acne-related inflammation caused by P. acnes have not been investigated and compared. We pretreated THP-1 human monocytic cells with 5, 10, and 20 μM schisandrin A, B, and C, and stimulated the cells with P. acnes. Schisandrin B and C inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines at a concentration of 5 μM, while schisandrin A required a concentration of 10 μM to exert the effects. All of the schisandrins decreased the levels of toll-like receptor 2, and schisandrin B and C reduced the intracellular mRNA expression of the receptor gene. We also studied the influence of schisandrins on the MAPK signaling pathway. Schisandrin A suppressed the P. acnes-induced activation of JNK, while exerting only a weak effect on ERK and p38. Schisandrin B exerted a strong effect on p38, a lesser effect on ERK, and almost no effect on JNK. Schisandrin C inhibited the phosphorylation of all three proteins, especially ERK. Furthermore, the three lignans also prevented the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These results contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of the three lignans on P. acnes-induced inflammation and suggest that schisandrins might be developed as pharmacological agents for acne therapy. Abstract—
KEY WORDS: schisandrin; acne; anti-inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes.
INTRODUCTION
1
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China 2 Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai, 200083, People’s Republic of China 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed to Yanhua Lu at State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected]; and Minhua Hong at Technology Center, Shanghai Inoherb Co. Ltd, 121 Chengyin Road, Shanghai, 200083, People’s Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected]
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder; however, its pathogenesis is not fully known yet. The prevalence of acne is high in both young and adult populations, and the condition frequently recurs. Although not lifethreatening, the appearance of acne can negatively impact the quality of patients’ lives and careers [1]. Two of the key factors involved in acne development are the immune response and inflammatory lesions caused by the infection with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) [2, 3]. P. acnes is a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen
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