Comparative study of toxic heavy metal residues and other properties of honey from different environmental production sy
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparative study of toxic heavy metal residues and other properties of honey from different environmental production systems Borut Bosancic 1,2
&
Mirjana Zabic 1 & Dijana Mihajlovic 1 & Jelica Samardzic 1 & Goran Mirjanic 1
Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Honeybees forage a large spatial area around the hives. In addition, honey production takes place in various environments, and polluted environment is often hard to detect. It impacts both human and beehive health, especially through honey which is used for human consumption. Pollen analysis was conducted by a novel approach through a multivariate principal component analysis where it was possible to obtain grouping patterns related to foraging plant species. Samples of honey were acquired from three different environmental production systems: (i) honey from the apiaries in the vicinity of thermal power plant, (ii) apiary of certified organic production and (iii) the conventional production with semi-controlled production. Significantly higher contents of the Pb, Cd and Zn are found in the analysed honeys taken near the thermal power plant compared with those of the other analysed honeys. The origin of Zn, Pb and Cd in the honey is the contaminated forage plants and foraging honeybees. Honey from certified organic production differentiated significantly from other two types of production by the water content, electrical conductivity and total soluble solids and notably it contained significantly less ash and lead. There is a clear advantage of certified organic honey in terms of heavy metal residues as the most prominent pollution factor in honey. Therefore, honey can be used as the broad range environmental pollution indicator, as bees will forage on polluted plants and bring the pollutant from a wide spatial range inside the hive, where it can be traced in the honey.
Keywords Environmental contamination . Heavy metals . Honeybee . Indicators . Honey Capsule Honey can be used as the broad range environmental pollution indicator, as bees foraging on polluted plants bring the pollutant from a wide spatial range inside the hive, where it can be easily traced in the honey, especially heavy metals. Highlights -This research has focused on three different production systems comparing the honey from (i) beehives near industrial contaminant, (ii) in the pure and certified organic production and environment and (iii) natural but non-certified production far from traceable contamination. -The honeys sharply separated indicating that even natural production far from traceable pollution has had sources of environmental contamination easily detectable in honey with increased levels of toxic heavy metals. -Besides honey and honeybees as an indicator of pollution in the environment, the levels of toxic heavy metals in the honey were above the local and EU allowed limits for safe human consumption. Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Borut Bosancic borut.bosanci
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