Comparative Study on the Zinc and Cadmium Tolerance Potential of Twelve Prominent Rice Cultivars
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J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 2018 (September) 21 (3) : 201 ~ 210 DOI No. 10.1007/s12892-018-0042-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Comparative Study on the Zinc and Cadmium Tolerance Potential of Twelve Prominent Rice Cultivars Asari Kandi Sinisha, Jos Thomas Puthur* Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C.U. Campus P.O., Kerala, 673635, India Received: March 14, 2018 / Revised: March 19, 2018 / Accepted: March 27, 2018 Ⓒ Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer 2018
Abstract Heavy metal pollution being a potential threat to agriculture raising rice cultivars with heavy metal tolerance is a promising strategy for remediation of heavy metal polluted agricultural lands. We present here a comprehensive study describing the differences in physiological and biochemical responses of 12 prominent high-yielding rice cultivars to increasing ZnSO4 concentrations (0, 2, 6, and 10 mM) and CdCl2 concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM). Even though Zinc (Zn) is an essential element required for the normal growth and development process of plants, a higher concentration of Zn has an antagonistic effect. Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to plants and is found in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The effects of Zn and Cd on rice seedlings were a reduction in shoot length, greater chlorophyll and carotenoid loss, higher malondialdehyde content, proline accumulation, and an increased level of sugar and amino acids when treated with CdCl2 and ZnSO4. The CdCl2 and ZnSO4 stress-induced biochemical changes displayed major differences in the 12 rice cultivars in terms of tolerance to Zn and Cd toxicity. Our data provides evidence that the cultivar Varsha showed the highest tolerance and cultivar JY showed the least tolerance towards Cd and Zn toxicity. Key words : Amino acids, cadmium, carotenoids, chlorophyll, MDA, proline, rice, sugar, zinc
Introduction Abiotic and biotic stresses are major issues that affect productivity of crops. Abiotic stress factors reduces the yield of crops by about 70% worldwide (Acquaah 2007). Heavy metal contamination of agricultural land is one of the major abiotic stress factors (Khan et al. 2013). Some heavy metals like Zn and Cu are essential to plants but when present above the optimum level are toxic to plants (Tkalec et al. 2014). In addition to essential elements certain toxic elements such as Pb and Cd are also present in fields. Cadmium and Zinc are the most important types of heavy metal pollutants in the soil (Al Khateeb and Qwasemeh 2014). Cd sources are volcanoes, industrial wastes, Cd-containing fertilizers, and sewage irrigation (Chandra et al. 2009; John et al. 2007; Mahmood et al. 2005; Pandey et al. 2007; Ramos and Lopez-Acevedo 2004). Cd creates an imbalance in plant metabolism by altering the uptake and transport of essential mineral nutrients. Since Cd uses the same transporter of Jos Thomas Puthur () Email: [email protected] Tel: +919447507845 Fax: +914942400269
The Korean Society of Crop Science
mineral nutrients, Cd toxicity causes mineral deficiency as
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