Comparative Response of Two Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Applied Zinc and Manganese for Mitigation of Salt Stres
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Comparative Response of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Applied Zinc and Manganese for Mitigation of Salt Stress Faisal Nadeem 1 & Muhammad Azhar 1 & Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq 1 & Muhammad Sabir 1 & Tayyaba Samreen 1 & Abdullah Tufail 1 & Hafiz Umair Masood Awan 2,3 & Wu Juan 4 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Soil salinity, together with zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) deficiencies, adversely affects rice growth and yield. The comparative salinity stress mitigation response of rice to Zn or Mn remains largely unknown. Rice cultivars, viz. Basmati-515 and KSK-282, were grown in saline soil having electrical conductivity (EC) of 7.5 dS m−1 (as control) parallel to EC 7.5 dS m−1 + Zn 3.5 mg kg−1 and EC 7.5 dS m−1 + Mn 3.5 mg kg−1 treatments in a pot experiment. Application of Zn in saline soil decreased (p < 0.05) sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) concentrations (6% and 26%, respectively) and increased potassium (K+) concentration (25.9%) in leaves compared with the control. The increments in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase activities (CAT) reduced salinity-induced oxidative damage which translated into 50.5% and 74% increased membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content (RWC), respectively. A 5-fold increment of Zn in soil solution ensured its adequate availability for rice which increased SPAD value for an effective photosynthesis to reinforce above ground biomass and grain production. The enhancements in indole-3-acetic acid (46% and 39%) whereas reductions in abscisic acid (18% and 11%) in shoot and root highlighted the Zn-dependent mitigation of salinity stress in both rice cultivars. Ameliorative effect of Mn remained second to Zn despite the increased shoot Mn concentration in KSK-282. Conclusively, both rice cultivars preferred Zn to mitigate salinity; however, KSK-282 responded better through increased antioxidant activities, indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, and decreased abscisic acid accumulation. Keywords Rice (Oryza sativa L.) . Soil salinity . Zinc (Zn) . Manganese (Mn) . Antioxidant activities . Hormone accumulations
1 Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00275-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Faisal Nadeem [email protected] * Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq [email protected] 1
Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
2
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
3
Helclean Consultancy Services, Asiakkaankatu 6B 29, 00930 Helsinki, Finland
4
Environmental Monitoring Station of Baotou, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
Salinity has become a growing problem in agriculture worldwide. Arable soils accumulate salts through irrigation water due to the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) even in trace
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