Comparative transcriptome analysis of the main beam and brow tine of sika deer antler provides insights into the molecul
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(2020) 25:42
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters
RESEARCH LETTER
Open Access
Comparative transcriptome analysis of the main beam and brow tine of sika deer antler provides insights into the molecular control of rapid antler growth Baojin Yao1†, Chaonan Wang2†, Zhenwei Zhou1, Mei Zhang3, Daqing Zhao1, Xueyuan Bai1* and Xiangyang Leng4* * Correspondence: 23165956@qq. com; [email protected] † Baojin Yao and Chaonan Wang contributed equally to this work. 1 Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China 4 The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abstract Background: Deer antlers have become a valuable model for biomedical research due to the capacities of regeneration and rapid growth. However, the molecular mechanism of rapid antler growth remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to compare and explore the molecular control exerted by the main beam and brow tine during rapid antler growth. Methods: The main beams and brow tines of sika deer antlers were collected from Chinese sika deer (Cervus nippon) at the rapid growth stage. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using RNA-Seq technology. Differential expression was assessed using the DEGseq package. Functional Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was accomplished using a rigorous algorithm according to the GO Term Finder tool, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis was accomplished with the R function phyper, followed by the hypergeometric test and Bonferroni correction. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to verify the RNA levels for differentially expressed mRNAs. Results: The expression levels of 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in chondrogenesis and cartilage development were identified as significantly upregulated in the main beams, including transcription factor SOX-9 (Sox9), collagen alpha-1(II) chain (Col2a1), aggrecan core protein (Acan), etc. However, the expression levels of 17 DEGs involved in endochondral ossification and bone formation were identified as significantly upregulated in the brow tines, including collagen alpha-1(X) chain (Col10a1), osteopontin (Spp1) and bone sialoprotein 2 (Ibsp), etc. (Continued on next page)
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