Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that PCK1 is a potential gene affecting IMF deposition in buffalo
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that PCK1 is a potential gene affecting IMF deposition in buffalo Jieping Huang1,2*† , Xue Feng2†, Ruirui Zhu1, Duo Guo1, Yutong Wei2, Xiaodan Cao2, Yun Ma2,3 and Deshun Shi1
Abstract Background: In China, although buffaloes are abundant, beef is mainly obtained from cattle, and this preference is mainly attributed to the low intramuscular fat (IMF) content of buffalo. Genetic factors are an important driver that affects IMF deposition. Results: To reveal the intrinsic factors responsible for the low IMF content of buffalo, mRNA expression patterns in muscle and adipose tissue between buffalo and cattle were characterized by RNA sequencing analysis. The IMF content in Nanyang cattle was higher than that in Xinyang buffalo. A total of 1566 mRNAs expressed in adipose tissue showed differential expression between the longissimus dorsi muscles of buffalo and cattle. Functional annotation suggested a difference in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway between the two species. The results of RT-qPCR analysis and gain-of-function experiments confirmed the positive association between the IMF content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression in buffalo. In both mouse C2C12 cells and cultured bovine myocytes, the activity of the PCK1 promoter in buffalo is lower than that in cattle. However, in mouse 3T3L1 adipocytes and cultured bovine adipocytes, the activity of PCK1 in buffalo promoter is higher than that in cattle. Conclusions: These results indicate the important role of PCK1 in buffalo IMF deposition and illustrate the differences between buffalo and cattle promoter activity that drive PCK1 expression. This research helps to establish a foundation for further studies investigating IMF deposition in buffalo. Keywords: Bubalus bubalis, RNA sequencing, Intramuscular fat, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, Promoter activity
Background The world population is rapidly growing and will consume two-thirds more animal protein by 2050 relative to today [1]. Thus, the livestock meat industry requires diversified production to ensure stable and sustainable development. Pork, poultry, and beef are the three most * Correspondence: [email protected] † Jieping Huang and Xue Feng contributed equally to this work. 1 State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, Guangxi, China 2 College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
heavily consumed meats in the world [2]. In recent years, avian influenza and African swine fever have had significantly negative effects on the meat industry [3, 4]. In contrast, bovines are a reliable and stable source of meat. Cattle meat accounts for the greatest proportion of beef, and other bovine meat, such as buffalo meat, also accounts for a considerable portion of the bovine meat market, especially in several Asian countries
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