Comparing the effectiveness of twine- and binder-seeding in the Laminariales species Alaria esculenta and Saccharina lat
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Comparing the effectiveness of twine- and binder-seeding in the Laminariales species Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima Philip D. Kerrison 1 & Mairi Innes 1 & Adrian Macleod 1 & Emily McCormick 1 & Peter D. Elbourne 2 & Michele S. Stanley 1 & Adam D. Hughes 1 & Maeve S. Kelly 1 Received: 25 July 2019 / Revised and accepted: 5 February 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The continuing expansion of seaweed cultivation could assist in ensuring future global food security. The Laminariales species Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima are each cultivated for food across their European ranges. The predominant method for cultivating European kelps involves growing juveniles on twine within a hatchery which is then deployed at a farm site. The associated hatchery and deployment cost of this approach are relatively high. A new and innovative methodology—called binder-seeding—can reduce these costs, but, has yet to be validated. We compare the biomass yield and morphology of A. esculenta and S. latissima cultured using either the traditional twine-longline method or binder-seeding onto AlgaeRope and AlgaeRibbon, specially designed textiles. In a controlled growth experiment, A. esculenta had a similar biomass yield on all materials, but fronds were shorter (23 ± 7%) and thinner on the AlgaeRibbon (42 ± 4%) due to a 3–4-fold higher density of developing sporophytes compared to the twine-longline. In contrast, S. latissima gave a 4-fold higher biomass yield on the AlgaeRibbon in June (4.0 kg m−1), but frond morphology was not different between materials, despite a 4-fold higher sporophyte density on the AlgaeRibbon. The stipe length of both species also increased at the higher sporophyte density on the AlgaeRibbon. The AlgaeRope gave an intermediate response or was similar to the twine-longline. These results show that binder-seeding onto the AlgaeRibbon significantly increases the achieved biomass yield in S. latissima. These results can assist cultivators to select the most appropriate method of kelp cultivation depending on morphological/yield requirements of the end use. Further study is needed on the optimisation of the binder-seeding density and its impact on thallus morphology. Keywords Saccharina latissima . Alaria esculenta . Phaeophyceae . Binder . Seeding . Morphology . Density
Introduction Increasing the production of low trophic food is essential to ensure future food security as the global population continues to rise (FAO 2017). Macroalgae represent only 0.3% of total food production, but there is a room for expansion of production in the marine environment, whereas terrestrial agriculture is significantly constrained by space (Forster and Radulovich 2015). In the North Atlantic, macroalgae are a relatively
* Philip D. Kerrison [email protected] 1
Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Argyll 1QA, UK
2
New Wave Foods Ltd, 1 Averon Way, Alness IV17 0PF, UK
underexploited resource for a range of end
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