Comparing Weight-for-Length Status of Young Children in Two Infant Feeding Programs
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Comparing Weight-for-Length Status of Young Children in Two Infant Feeding Programs Heather Aldrich1 • Bonnie Gance-Cleveland1
Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract Objectives A cross-sectional study comparing weight-for-length status of children 6–24 months old who participated in Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) or Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Methods Secondary analysis of NFP (n = 44,980) and WIC (n = 31,294) national datasets was conducted to evaluate infant and toddler growth trajectories. Weight-forlength status was calculated at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months based on World Health Organization criteria. Demographics and breastfeeding rates were also evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for high weight-for-length (C97.7 percentile) at each time point. Results At 6 months, approximately 10 % of WIC and NFP children were classified as high weight-for-length. High weight-for-length rates increased for both groups similarly until 24 months. At 24 months, NFP children had significantly lower rates of excess weight (P = 0.03) than WIC children, 15.5 and 17.5 % respectively. At all time points, non-Hispanic white children had lower rates of high–weight for length than Hispanic and non-Hispanic black children. NFP infants were also found to have higher rates of ever being breastfed than WIC infants (P \ 0.0001). Conclusions for Practice Infant and toddler populations served by NFP or WIC were found to be at increased risk for high weight-for-length. This study found NFP participation was associated with a small, but
& Bonnie Gance-Cleveland [email protected] Heather Aldrich [email protected] 1
College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13120 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
significant, protective impact on weight-for-length status at 24 months. Continued efforts need to be made in addressing weight-related racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities during early childhood. Keywords Nurse-Family Partnership Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children High weight-for-length
Significance What is already known on this subject? Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) and Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) serve high-risk pregnant women and their children in the United States. What this study adds? Infants and toddlers in both programs had high prevalence of high weight-for-length. By 24 months, NFP participants had a lower rate of high weight-for-length than WIC. NFP infants had higher rates of ever being breastfed than WIC infants.
Introduction There is growing evidence that risk factors in early life can play a pivotal role in the development of obesity and related co-morbidities. It is well established that excess weight in childhood increases the risk of overweight and obesity into adulthood [24]. Higher levels of cardiovascular inflammatory markers have also been associated with increased weight status in children as youn
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