Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children
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Paediatr Drugs 2001; 3 (6): 411-420 1174-5878/01/0006-0411/$22.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved.
Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children Maurizio De Negri and Maria Giuseppina Baglietto Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Università di Genova, Instituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Convulsive Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . 1.1 Prevalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Pathophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Sequelae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Collateral Disorders . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6.1 Benzodiazepines . . . . . . . 1.6.2 Phenobarbital . . . . . . . . . 1.6.3 Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin 1.6.4 Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . 2. Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus . . . . . 2.1 Clinical Features . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Neonatal Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . 3.1 Clinical Features . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition characterised by frequent and prolonged epileptic seizures which frequently develop in the immature brain. Fever, metabolic disorders and subtherapeutic concentrations of antiepileptic drugs are the most common factors precipitating SE in children. Progressive neuronal damage occurs if convulsive SE persists for more than 30 minutes, with neurological, epileptic and cognitive sequelae. Unfortunately, the immature brain is more predisposed to SE and its sequelae than the mature brain. SE may be categ
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