Comparison of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Threonine Based on Zn Bioavailability and Performance of Broiler Chicks
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Comparison of Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Threonine Based on Zn Bioavailability and Performance of Broiler Chicks Siavash Farhadi Javid 1
&
Hossein Moravej 1
&
Mohammad Ghaffarzadeh 2
&
Mohammad Behjatian Esfahani 1
Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare zinc sulfate and zinc threonine chelate based on Zn bioavailability and performance of broiler chicks. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 256 day-old Ross 308 chicks and eight treatments including control treatment (no zinc supplementation), three levels of zinc sulfate and zinc threonine chelate (40, 80, and 120 mg zinc per kg feed), and a common commercial chelate (Bioplex Zn®) supply 40 mg zinc per kg feed. The results of total period showed that threonine chelate group had the highest live weight compared with other treatments and lowest feed conversion ratio belonged to 80 and 120 ppm of zinc threonine chelate (p < 0.05). Zinc threonine chelate and commercial chelate treatments had the lowest cholesterol and LDL levels compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). Zinc chelate threonine which contains 80 and 120 ppm of zinc had the highest HDL and superoxide dismutase enzymes and the lowest heterophile to lymphocyte ratio compared with other treatments (p < 0.05). Relative bioavailability of zinc threonine to zinc sulfate based on body weight, feed conversion ratio, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, superoxide dismutase enzyme, ash, and zinc content in tibia were 418.75, 173.91, 131.38, 159.43, 278.63, 193.45, 156.46, and 117.65%, respectively. According to the results of broiler performance and other traits measured in this study, it seems that the use of 80 ppm of zinc threonine chelate in the broiler diet is recommended in comparison with zinc sulfate levels and other threonine chelate levels. Keywords Broilers . Zinc threonine chelate . Bioavailability . Blood factors
Introduction Zinc as an essential nutrient for living organisms, as a cofactor in over 300 enzymes that include all six enzyme groups, plays an important role in many metabolic processes including protein synthesis [1]. Zinc is important
* Hossein Moravej [email protected] Siavash Farhadi Javid [email protected] Mohammad Ghaffarzadeh [email protected] Mohammad Behjatian Esfahani [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Po Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
for all animal species, and zinc deficiency disrupts fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism [2], and also reduces nutrient absorption and growth, and inadequate nutritional conversion [3], skin lesions, loss of appetite [4], slowing wound healing, delayed sexual maturity, impaired reproductive function, abnormal embryo formation, and impaired animal immunity [2]. Recently, animal nutritionists realize that organic material chelates ar
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