Competencies for Industry 4.0
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Competencies for Industry 4.0 Marcela Hernandez-de-Menendez1 · Ruben Morales-Menendez1
· Carlos A. Escobar2 · Megan McGovern2
Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Industry 4.0 is a term that represents the radical transformation of Industry that has resulted from the integration of emerging technologies. It implies that we are witnessing the proximity of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 aims to enable intelligent factories to produce personalized output utilizing greener and more efficient processes. However, to accomplish this, manufacturers must overcome several barriers, such as the lack of qualified talent to develop and manage various hightech systems. This deficiency means that Industry 4.0 demands a change in the labor market, explicitly requiring trained professionals who have the competencies and skills to thrive in this new environment. What should a set of competencies be in the modern professional profiles? In this work, we review the required competencies, the technologies that aid in developing them, and the methods of assessing them. Keywords Competencies · Assessment · Industry 4.0 · Smart 4.0 Industry · Smart manufacturing · Educational innovation · Higher education
1 Introduction Industry 4.0 is a term that represents the radical transformation of Industry that has resulted from the integration of emerging technologies. It implies that we are witnessing the proximity of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 aims to enable intelligent factories to produce personalized output utilizing greener and more efficient processes [63]. The factories can be managed by a central computer that controls all the different units’ tasks and activities, from the supply chain to distribution. One critical function is that there must be a constant interchange of data among all the subsystems [62]. The potential of Industry 4.0 includes faster decision making, better monitoring and control of the shop
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Ruben Morales-Menendez [email protected] Marcela Hernandez-de-Menendez [email protected] Carlos A. Escobar [email protected] Megan McGovern [email protected]
1
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
2
General Motors, Global Research and Development, Warren, MI, USA
floor, more efficient use of resources, and better forecasting of demands. Autonomous Robots, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical System Integration, Industrial Internet of Things, Cybersecurity, The Cloud, Additive Manufacturing, Augmented Reality, and Big Data and Analytics are technologies that enable the implementation of Industry 4.0. They connect companies that take advantage of the vast amount of data generated by updated processes; this information allows for faster decision-making and flexibility [63]. Autonomous robots are at the core of Industry 4.0. This technology’s benefits include increased productivity, reducing errors and re-work, and performing high-risk tasks [26]. Soon,
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