Complex interaction between serum folate levels and genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway genes: biomarkers of prostat
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RESEARCH PAPER
Complex interaction between serum folate levels and genetic polymorphisms in folate pathway genes: biomarkers of prostate cancer aggressiveness Maria D. Jackson • Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid • Norma McFarlane-Anderson Alexis Watson • Vestra Seers • Franklyn I. Bennett • Brian Egleston • Camille Ragin
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Received: 17 April 2012 / Accepted: 11 September 2012 / Published online: 25 September 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Abstract Little is known about the role of folate and polymorphisms associated with folate metabolism on prostate cancer risk in populations of African origin. We examined the relationship between serum folate and prostate cancer and whether any association was modified by genetic polymorphisms for folate metabolism. The study was case–control in design and consisted of 218 men 40–80 years old with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed prostate cancer and 236 cancer-free men attending the same urology clinics in Jamaica, March 2005–July 2007. Serum folate was measured by an immunoassay method and genomic DNA evaluated for MTHR (C677T and A1298C), MTRR A66G, and MTR A2756G polymorphisms. Mean serum folate concentration was higher among cases (12.3 ± 4.1 nmol/L) than controls (9.7 ± 4.2 nmol/L). Serum folate concentration showed a positive association with prostate cancer (OR, 4.41; CI, 2.52–7.72 per 10 nmol/L) regardless of grade. No
interactions were observed between genotype and folate concentration, but a weak gene effect was observed for MTHFR A1298C and low-grade prostate cancer. Larger studies to investigate the role of gene–gene/gene–diet interactions in Black men are needed. Keywords Prostate cancer Serum folate Folate pathway genes African ancestry Introduction Globally, prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed solid malignancy in men; however, the incidence varies widely, with highest rates occurring in developed countries (Australia/New Zealand, 104.2 per 100,000) and lowest in south-central Asia (4.1 per 100,000) (Ferlay et al. 2010). Mortality rates are highest among populations of African descent (Caribbean, 26.3 per
M. D. Jackson (&) Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica e-mail: [email protected]
V. Seers Department of Biology, Philander Smith College, Little Rock, AR, USA e-mail: [email protected]
M. K. Tulloch-Reid Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica e-mail: [email protected]
F. I. Bennett Department of Pathology, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica e-mail: [email protected]
N. McFarlane-Anderson Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston, Jamaica e-mail: [email protected]
B. Egleston Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA e-mail: [email protected]
A. Watson Department Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA e-mail: alex
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