Compositional Features and Codon Usage Pattern of Genes Associated with Anxiety in Human
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Compositional Features and Codon Usage Pattern of Genes Associated with Anxiety in Human Arif Uddin 1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Codon usage bias (CUB) is the unequal usage of synonymous codon; some codons are more preferred than others. CUB analysis has applications in understanding the molecular organization of genome, genetics, gene expression, and molecular evolution. Bioinformatic approach was used to analyze the protein-coding sequences of genes involved in the anxiety to understand the patterns of codon usage as no work was reported yet. The improved effective number of codons (Nc) values ranged from 43.55 to 55.06, with a mean of 44.57, suggested that the overall CUB was low for genes associated with anxiety. The overall GC and AT content was 54.76 and 45.24, respectively. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that most frequently used codon ended mostly with C or G. The over-represented codons in genes associated with anxiety were CTG, ATC, GTG, AGC, ACC, and GCC, while under-represented codons were TTA, CTT, CTA, ATA, GTT, GTA, TCG, CCG, GCG, CAA, and CGT. Correlation analysis was performed between overall nucleotide composition and its 3rd codon positions, and observed highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation between them suggested that both mutation pressure and natural selection might affect the pattern of CUB. The highly significant correlation (0.598**, p < 0.01) was also observed between GC12 with GC3 suggested that directional mutation pressure might acted on all codon positions for genes associated with anxiety. Keywords Codon usage bias . Anxiety mutation pressure . Natural selection . Gene expression level
Background In modern lifestyles, stress and anxiety are two common psychiatric sign, and in small quantities, these are good. They are responsible for motivation and aids more productive. However, too much stress is harmful and persistent stress often leads to anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Anxiety can be due to general poor health and specific physical or psychological sickness, namely, infection, heart disease, or depression. Anxiety is a disorder in central nervous system disorder [1, 2] and a common emotional state [3] and associated with uneasiness, discomfort, unpleasant, and concern or fear about some defined or undefined future menace [4]. It is the most common psychological illness and contributes one eighth of the total population [5]. The anxiety is a type of psychiatric Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02068-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Arif Uddin [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, Moinul Hoque Choudhury Memorial Science College, Algapur, Hailakandi, Assam 788150, India
disorders, and the prevalence is nearly 25% of the adult population at any time in their life. Its prevalence is 30.5% and 19.2% in women and men, respecti
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