Distribution pattern of amino acid mutations in chloroquine and antifolate drug resistance associated genes in complicat
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Distribution pattern of amino acid mutations in chloroquine and antifolate drug resistance associated genes in complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax isolates from Chandigarh, North India Hargobinder Kaur1, Rakesh Sehgal1*, Archit Kumar2, Praveen K. Bharti3, Devendra Bansal4,5, Pradyumna K. Mohapatra6, Jagadish Mahanta6 and Ali A. Sultan4
Abstract Background: The increasing antimalarial drug resistance is a significant hindrance to malaria control and elimination programs. For the last six decades, chloroquine (CQ) plus pyrimethamine remains the first-line treatment for P. vivax malaria. Regions where both P. falciparum and P. vivax co-exist, P. vivax is exposed to antifolate drugs due to either misdiagnosis or improper treatment that causes selective drug pressure to evolve. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate antimalarial drug resistance among the complicated and uncomplicated P. vivax patients. Methods: A total of 143 P. vivax malaria positive patients were enrolled in this study, and DNA was isolated from their blood samples. Pvcrt-o, Pvmdr-1, Pvdhps, and Pvdhfr genes were PCRs amplified, and drug resistanceassociated gene mutations were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the drug resistance genes and population diversity was performed using MEGA vs. 7.0.21 and DnaSP v software. Results: Among the CQ resistance marker gene Pvcrt-o, the prevalence of K10 insertion was 17.5% (7/40) and 9.5% (7/73) of complicated and uncomplicated P vivax group isolates respectively. In Pvmdr-1, double mutant haplotype (M958/L1076) was found in 99% of the clinical isolates. Among the pyrimethamine resistance-associated gene Pvdhfr, the double mutant haplotype I13P33F57R58T61N117I173 was detected in 23% (11/48) in complicated and 20% (17/85) in uncomplicated group isolates. In the sulphadoxine resistance-associated Pvdhps gene, limited polymorphism was observed with the presence of a single mutant (D459A) among 16 and 5% of the clinical isolates in the complicated and uncomplicated group respectively. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permissio
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